ME 5th Semester Syllabus

1. Unit 1Introduction of IC Engine

   S.I. and C.I. engines of two and four stroke cycles · Real cycle analysis of SI and CI engines · Determination of engine dimensions, speed, fuel consumption, output, mean effective pressure and efficiency · Factors affecting volumetric efficiency · Heat balance of internal combustion engines · Performance characteristics of SI and CI engines · Cylinder arrangement and firing order · Power balance for multi‑cylinder engines

2. Unit 2Combustion in SI engines

   Flame development and propagation · Pressure–crank angle diagram · Stages of combustion and ignition lag · Effect of air density, temperature, engine speed, turbulence and ignition timing on combustion · Physical and chemical aspects of combustion · Abnormal combustion phenomena · Effect of engine and fuel variables on abnormal combustion · Pre‑ignition: causes and remedies · Salient features of various types of combustion chambers

3. Unit 3Combustion in CI Engines

   Various stages of combustion in CI engines · Delay period in CI combustion · Diesel knock and knock inhibitors · Salient features of various types of combustion chambers · Fuel injection in CI engine · Working principle of fuel pump and fuel injectors · Types of fuel injector nozzles · Fuel injection in SI engine (MPFI, TBI, CRDI) · Theory of carburetion · Solex carburetor · Simple problems on carburetion · Fuel metering in CI engines

4. Unit 4Fuel

   Classification of internal combustion engine fuels · Desirable characteristics of SI and CI engine fuels · Rating of SI and CI engine fuels · Alternative fuels for SI and CI engines (liquid, gaseous, hydrogen, LPG, CNG, biogas, etc.) · Air‑fuel requirement · Analysis of combustion products · Higher heating value (HHV) and lower heating value (LHV) of fuels

5. Unit 5Supercharging & Turbo charging

   Methods of supercharging and turbocharging · Effects of supercharging and turbocharging on engine performance · Engine modifications for supercharging · Supercharging of two‑stroke engines · Microprocessor‑controlled supercharging · Cooling and lubrication of SI and CI engines

6. Unit 6== END OF UNITS==

1. Unit 1Fundamental Aspects of Vibrations

   Vibration, its main causes, advantages and disadvantages · Engineering applications of vibration and noise · Vector method of representing harmonic motion · Characteristics of vibration, harmonic analysis and beats phenomenon, work done by harmonic forces on harmonic motion · Periodic and non‑harmonic functions – Fourier series analysis and evaluation of Fourier coefficients · Elements of vibratory system; lumped and distributed parameter systems · Undamped free vibrations – derivation of differential equation of motion using energy method, Newton’s second law, and Rayleigh’s method · Solution of differential equation of motion – natural frequency of vibration · Systems involving angular oscillations such as the compound pendulum

2. Unit 2Damped Free Vibrations

   Viscous damping: damping coefficient and damping ratio · Under‑damped, over‑damped and critically damped systems · Logarithmic decrement · Frequency of damped free vibration · Coulomb (dry‑friction) damping and comparison with viscous damping (frequency, decay rate) · Solid and structural damping · Slip or interfacial damping

3. Unit 3Harmonically Excited Vibration

   One‑degree‑of‑freedom forced harmonic vibration · Vector representation of forces · Excitation due to rotating and reciprocating unbalance · Vibration isolation, force and motion transmissibility · Absolute and relative motion of mass (seismic instruments) · Whirling motion and critical speed – definitions, significance and calculation for a vertical light flexible shaft with single rotor (with and without damping) · Critical speed of a shaft carrying multiple discs (without damping) and secondary critical speed

4. Unit 4Systems With Two Degrees of Freedom

   Un‑damped free vibration of 2‑DOF systems and principal modes of vibration · Torsion vibrations · Forced un‑damped vibrations with harmonic excitation · Coordinate coupling · Dynamic vibration absorber · Torsion vibration absorber · Pendulum‑type dynamic vibration absorber

5. Unit 5Noise Engineering – Subjective Response of Sound

   Frequency‑dependent human response to sound and the decibel scale · Relationship among sound pressure level (SPL), sound power level and sound intensity level · Addition, subtraction, averaging of sound levels; sound spectra and octave‑band analysis · Loudness, weighting networks, equivalent sound level, auditory effects of noise · Hazardous noise, exposure from machines/equipment, hearing conservation, damage‑risk criteria and daily noise dose · Noise sources, isolation and control – road and industrial sources, construction equipment, industrial noise control strategies at source, along the path and at the receiver · Control measures: sound enclosures, acoustic barriers, ear defenders, earplugs, semi‑insert protectors

6. Unit 6== END OF UNITS==

1. Unit 1Introduction

   Definition of Mechatronics · Multi-disciplinary scenario and origins · Evaluation of Mechatronics and overview of mechatronics · Design of mechatronics system · Measurement system and functions of main elements of measurement systems · Need for mechatronics in industries · Objectives, advantages and disadvantages of mechatronics · Microprocessor based controllers · Principle of working of engine management system · Automatic washing machine

2. Unit 2Review of Transducers and Sensors

   Definition and classification of transducers · Definition and classification of sensors · Working principle and applications of light sensors · Working principle and applications of proximity sensors · Working principle and applications of Hall effect sensors · Introduction to microprocessors · Microprocessor based digital control · Binary and hexadecimal number systems · Logic functions · Data word representation · Basic elements of control systems

3. Unit 3Microprocessor Architecture

   8085A processor architecture · CPU, memory and address terminology · ALU, assembler, data registers · Fetch cycle and write cycle · State and bus interrupts · Differences between microprocessors and microcontrollers · Requirements for control and implementation in microcontrollers · Classification of microcontrollers

4. Unit 4Electrical and Hydraulic Actuators

   Actuator systems and classifications with examples · Mechanical switches and concept of bouncing · Methods of preventing bouncing of mechanical switches · Solenoids and relays · Solid state switches: diodes, thyristors, triacs, transistors, Darlington pair · Principle, construction and working of AC motors, DC motors, stepper motors, permanent magnet motors, servomotors, servo systems and control · Valves and classifications · Pressure control valves: pressure relief valves, pressure regulating/reducing valves, pressure sequence valve · Flow control valves: principle, needle valve, globe valve · Direction control valves: sliding spool valve, solenoid operated valve

5. Unit 5Signal Conditioning

   Concept and necessity of signal conditioning · Operational amplifiers, protection and filtering · Wheatstone bridge · Digital signals and multiplexers · Data acquisition · Introduction to digital signal processing and its concepts and methods

1. Unit 1Dynamics of Engine Mechanisms

   Displacement, velocity and acceleration of piston · Turning moment on crankshaft and turning moment diagram · Fluctuation of crankshaft speed · Analysis of flywheel

2. Unit 2Governor Mechanisms

   Types of governors · Characteristics of centrifugal governors · Gravity‑controlled centrifugal governors · Spring‑controlled centrifugal governors · Hunting of centrifugal governors · Inertia governors

3. Unit 3Balancing of Inertia Forces and Moments in Machines

   Balancing of rotating masses · Two‑plane balancing · Determination of balancing masses (graphical and analytical methods) · Balancing of rotors · Balancing of internal combustion engines (single‑cylinder, in‑line, V‑twin, radial engines) · Lanchester technique of engine balancing

4. Unit 4Friction

   Frictional torque in pivots and collars (uniform pressure and uniform wear rate criteria) · Boundary and fluid‑film lubrication · Friction in journal and thrust bearings · Concept of friction circle and axis · Rolling friction · Clutches: single‑plate, multi‑plate, and cone clutches

5. Unit 5Brakes

   Band brake · Block brakes · Internal and external shoe brakes · Braking of vehicles · Dynamometer: different types and their applications · Dynamic analysis of cams – response of un‑damped cam mechanism (analytical method) · Follower response analysis by phase‑plane method · Jump and cross‑over shock

1. Unit 1Introduction Automobile Fuels

   Classification of automobile alternative fuels (liquid, gaseous, hydrogen, LPG, CNG, biogas, etc.) · Desirable characteristics of SI & CI engine alternative fuels · Rating of SI & CI engine fuels · Introduction to alternate energy sources (EV, hybrid, fuel cell, solar cars) · Merits and demerits of various alternate fuels

2. Unit 2Liquid alternative fuels

   Vegetable oils as liquid alternative fuels for automobile engines · Esterification processes for vegetable oils · Performance and emission characteristics of vegetable‑oil fuels · Biodiesel properties and characteristics · Alcohols as liquid alternative fuels · Properties of alcohols as engine fuel · Alcohol–gasoline blends and their performance in automobile engines · Methanol–gasoline blends

3. Unit 3Gaseous Fuels

   Introduction to biogas systems and gas‑formation process · Factors affecting biogas formation · Use of biogas in SI and CI engines · Properties of natural gas as engine fuel · Properties of hydrogen gas as engine fuel · Properties of LPG and CNG as engine fuels · Storage and handling of gaseous fuels · Performance and safety aspects of gaseous fuels · Fuel‑metering systems for gaseous fuels

4. Unit 4Automobile emissions

   Types of automobile emissions · Emission characteristics and formation mechanisms · Mechanism of HC, CO and NO formation in SI engines · Exhaust emissions and influencing factors · Evaporative emissions · Crankcase emissions · Lead emissions · Smoke formation in CI engines and influencing factors · Unburned hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides in CI engines · Smog formation · Comparison of diesel and petrol emissions

5. Unit 5Emissions Norms & Measurement

   Emission norms according to Bharat Standard up to BS‑IV · Procedures for emission confirmation in production · Environmental impacts of automobile emissions · Types of catalytic converters · Measurement techniques for emissions (NDIR, FID, chemiluminescent analyzers, gas chromatography, smoke meters) · Emission standards and test procedures

1. Unit 1Method study

   Purpose of work study, its objectives, procedure and applications · Method study definition and basic procedure · Selection of job · Recording techniques: outline process charts, flow process charts, man‑machine charts, two‑handed process charts, string diagram, flow diagram, multiple activity chart, SIMO, cyclographs and chrono‑cyclographs · Critical examination, development, installation and maintenance of improved method · Principles of motion economy and their application in work design · Micro‑motion study, memo‑motion study and their use in methods study

2. Unit 2Work measurement

   Introduction, definition, objectives and basic procedure of work measurement · Application of work measurement in industries · Time study: basic procedure, equipment needed, methods of measuring time, selection of jobs, breaking a job into elements, number of cycles to be timed, rating and methods of rating, allowances, calculation of standard time · Work sampling: basic procedure, design of work‑sampling study, conducting work‑sampling study and establishment of standard time

3. Unit 3Job evaluation and incentive schemes

   Starlight line, Tailor, Merrick and Gantt incentive plans · Standard data system: elemental and non‑elemental predetermined motion systems, work‑factors system · Methods‑Time‑Measurement (MTM) and MOST

4. Unit 4Human factor engineering

   Definition and history of development of human factors engineering · Types and characteristics of man‑machine‑system; relative capabilities of humans and machines · Development and use of human factor data · Information input and processing: introduction to information theory, factors affecting information reception and processing, coding and selection of sensory inputs

5. Unit 5Display systems and anthropometric data

   Display – types of visual display, visual indicators and warning signals · Factorial and graphic display · General principles of auditory and tactile display, characteristics and selection

1. Unit 1Evolution

   Evolution of total quality management and historical perspective · Teamwork and TQM with ISO 9000 · Information technology and Business Process Re-engineering (BPR) · Total Productive Maintenance (TPM) and quality awards · Aids and barriers to quality management · Creating vision and initiating transformation · Establishing programs for education and self‑coordination · Policy setting and review, flowchart of policy management and its relation with daily management · Improvements and measurement of key indicators · Quality management leadership and cross‑functional team coordination

2. Unit 2Process

   Definition of process, variation and feedback · Funnel–marble experiment, rules of adjustment and its effects · Quality definition, goalpost and Kaizen view · Quality of design, conformance and performance · Taguchi loss function and cost of quality · Chain action of improving quality to productivity, motivation and low cost · Deming’s theory of management, fourteen points and variance reduction · Attributes enumerative and variables analytic studies

3. Unit 3SQC‑Control charts

   Basic discrete and continuous distributions · Measures of central tendency, variability and shape · Sampling, sample size and central limit theorem · Control chart structure, process plotting and stability · Study of out‑of‑control evidence, defect detection and prevention · Use of control charts in evaluating past, present and future trends · Attribute control charts: count and classification charts · Construction and interpretation of p, np, c and u charts · PDSA cycle (plan, do, study, act) · R charts and s charts · Individual and moving‑range chart · Trial control limits and out‑of‑control points

4. Unit 4Process diagnostics

   Between‑group and within‑group variations · Periodic and persistent disturbances · Control chart patterns: natural, level‑shift, cycle, wild, multi‑universe, relationship and other out‑of‑control patterns · Diagnosing a process using brainstorming · Cause‑effect (Ishikawa) diagrams, interrelationship, systematic and matrix diagrams · Change concepts and waste elimination

5. Unit 5Process improvement

   Performance and technical specifications · Attribute‑process and variable‑process capability studies · Unstable and stable process capability studies with examples · Attribute and variable improvement studies · Inspection: acceptance sampling (AS) – lot formation, single, double and multiple/sequential sampling plans · Operating characteristic (OC) curve, producer and consumer risk · Theoretical validation of AS and kp rule for stable and chaotic processes

1. Unit 1Introduction

   Structural analysis, objectives, static, dynamic and kinematics analyses · Skeletal and continuum structures · Modeling of infinite degree‑of‑freedom system into finite degree‑of‑freedom system · Basic steps in finite element problem formulation · General applicability of the method

2. Unit 2Element Types and Characteristics

   Discretization of the domain · Basic element shapes · Aspect ratio · Shape functions · Generalized co‑ordinates and nodal shape functions · ID spar and beam elements · 2D rectangular and triangular elements · Axisymmetric elements

3. Unit 3Assembly of Elements and Matrices

   Concept of element assembly · Global and local co‑ordinate systems · Band width and its effects · Banded and skyline assembly · Boundary conditions · Solution of simultaneous equations · Gaussian elimination and Cholesky decomposition methods · Numerical integration · One‑ and 2D applications

4. Unit 4Higher Order and Isoparametric Elements

   One‑dimensional quadratic and cubic elements · Use of natural co‑ordinate system · Area co‑ordinate system continuity and convergence requirements · 2D rectangular and triangular requirements

5. Unit 5Static & Dynamic Analysis

   Analysis of trusses and frames · Analysis of machine subassemblies · Use of commercial software packages · Advantages and limitations · Hamilton's principle · Derivation of equilibrium · Consistent and lumped mass matrices · Derivation of mass matrices for ID elements · Determination of natural frequencies and mode shapes

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