ME 7th Semester Syllabus

1. Unit 1Basic Concepts

   Modes of heat transfer · Fourier's law · Newton's law of cooling · Stefan–Boltzmann law · Thermal resistance and conductance · Analogy between heat flow and electricity · Combined heat transfer processes · Conduction: Fourier heat conduction equation in rectangular, cylindrical and spherical coordinates · Thermal diffusivity · One‑dimensional steady‑state conduction through slabs, tubes, spherical shells and composite structures · Electrical analogies for heat conduction · Critical insulation thickness for pipes · Effect of variable thermal conductivity

2. Unit 2Extended Surfaces (fins)

   Heat transfer from straight and annular fins (plates) with uniform cross‑section · Error in temperature measurement in a thermometer well · Fin efficiency and fin effectiveness · Applications of extended surfaces · Unsteady heat conduction: transient and periodic conduction · Heating and cooling of bodies with known temperature distribution · Systems with effectively infinite thermal conductivity · Response of thermocouples

3. Unit 3Convection

   Introduction to convection · Free and forced convection · Principle of dimensional analysis · Buckingham $\pi$ theorem · Empirical correlations for laminar and turbulent flow over a flat plate · Empirical correlations for tubular geometry · Calculation of convective heat‑transfer coefficient using data‑book correlations

4. Unit 4Heat Exchangers and Mass Transfer

   Heat exchangers: parallel‑flow and counter‑flow configurations · Evaporators and condensers · Overall heat‑transfer coefficient · Fouling factors · Log‑mean temperature difference ($LMTD$) · Methods of heat‑exchanger analysis · Effectiveness of heat exchangers · Number of Transfer Units ($NTU$) method · Mass transfer: Fick’s law · Equimolar diffusion · Diffusion coefficient and its analogy with heat transfer · Diffusion of vapour in a stationary medium

5. Unit 5Thermal Radiation and Boiling/Condensation

   Nature of thermal radiation · Emissive power, absorption, transmission, reflection and emission · Planck’s distribution law · Radiation from real surfaces · Radiation exchange between black and gray surfaces · Shape factor in radiative exchange · Analogous electrical network for radiation problems · Radiation shields · Filmwise and dropwise condensation · Nusselt theory for filmwise condensation on vertical plates and its modification for horizontal tubes · Boiling heat‑transfer phenomena · Regimes of boiling · Boiling correlations

6. Unit 6== END OF UNITS==

1. Unit 1Mechanical processes

   Process selection · Mechanics of cutting · Metal removal rate · Cutting tool system design · Ultrasonic machining · Abrasive jet machining · Water jet machining · Effect of parameters and variables · Applications and limitations · Recent developments in mechanical processes

2. Unit 2Electrochemical and chemical metal removal processes

   Electrochemical machining (ECM) · Elements of ECM · Power source and control system · Electrolytes · Tool‑work system · Chemistry of the process · Tool design and metal removal rate · Process faults · Material removal and surface finish · Electrochemical grinding · Electrochemical deburring · Electrochemical honing · Chemical machining

3. Unit 3Thermal metal removal processes

   Electric discharge machining (EDM) · Spark erosion · Mechanism of metal removal · Spark erosion generator · Electrode feed control · Vibrating electrode system · Dielectric fluid and flushing · Accuracy considerations · Plasma arc machining (PAM) · Non‑thermal generation of plasma · Mechanisms and parameters of plasma machining · Equipment for plasma machining · Electron beam machining (EBM) · Generation and control of electron beam · Theory and process capabilities of EBM · Neutral particle etching · Laser beam machining · Hot machining · Methods of local heating · Tool life and production rate

4. Unit 4Rapid prototyping fabrication methods

   Fundamentals of rapid prototyping · Technologies and applications · Principles and working of 3D printing · Subtractive vs additive manufacturing processes · VAT photo‑polymerization · Material and binder jetting · Continuous liquid interface production · Direct metal laser sintering

5. Unit 5Technologies of micro fabrication

   Types of microsystem devices · Industrial applications of microfabrication · Micro fabrication processes · LIGA process · Technologies of nano fabrication · Importance of size at the nanoscale · Scanning probe microscopy · Carbon buckyballs and nanotubes · Nano fabrication processes

1. Unit 1Internet of Things (IoT)

   Vision · Definition · Conceptual Framework · Architectural view · Technology behind IoT · Sources of the IoT · M2M Communication · IoT Examples · Design Principles for Connected Devices: IoT/M2M systems layers and design standardization · Communication technologies · Data enrichment and consolidation · Ease of designing and affordability

2. Unit 2Hardware for IoT

   Sensors · Digital sensors · Actuators · Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology · Wireless sensor networks · Participatory sensing technology · Embedded Platforms for IoT: Embedded computing basics · Overview of IoT supported hardware platforms such as Arduino, Raspberry Pi, Beagle Bone, Intel Galileo

3. Unit 3IoT PROTOCOLS

   IoT Access Technologies: Physical and MAC layers, topology and security of IEEE 802.15.4, 802.15.4g, 802.15.4e, 1901.2a, 802.11ah and LoRaWAN · Network Layer: IP versions, constrained nodes and constrained networks, Zigbee · Optimizing IP for IoT: From 6LoWPAN to 6Lo · Routing over low‑power and lossy networks · Application Transport Methods: Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) · Application Layer Protocols: CoAP and MQTT

4. Unit 4Security

   Understanding the risks · Modes of attack – Denial of Service · Guessing the credentials · Getting access to stored credentials · Man‑in‑the‑middle attacks · Sniffing network communication · Port scanning and web crawling · Search features and wildcards · Breaking ciphers · Tools for achieving security · Virtual Private Networks (VPN) · X.509 certificates and encryption · Authentication of identities · Usernames and passwords · Using message brokers and provisioning servers · Centralization versus decentralization

5. Unit 5IoT Applications

   Home Automation – Smart Appliances · Smoke/Gas Detection · Smart Parking · Smart Lighting · Smart Road · Health and Lifestyle – Health and fitness monitoring · Retail – Smart Payments · Case Studies: Smart city streetlights – control and monitoring

1. Unit 1Introduction

   Methods of converting various energy sources to electric power · Direct conversion methods for renewable energy sources · Solar energy conversion · Wind energy conversion · Tidal energy conversion · Geothermal energy conversion · Biothermal and biogas conversion · Hybrid energy systems · Fuel cells · Thermoelectric modules · MHD converter

2. Unit 2Fossil fuel steam stations

   Basic principles of plant and station design · Effect of climatic factors on station and equipment design · Choice of steam cycle and main equipment · Recent trends in turbine and boiler sizes and steam conditions · Plant design and layout (outdoor and indoor) · System components · Fuel handling and burning systems · Feed‑water treatment plant elements · Condensing plant and circulating water systems · Cooling towers · Turbine room and auxiliary plant equipment · Instrumentation and testing · Plant heat balance

3. Unit 3Nuclear Power Station

   Importance of nuclear power development (global and Indian context) · Atomic structure and radioactivity review · Binding energy concept · Fission and fusion reactions · Fissionable and fertile materials · Thermal neutron fission · Important nuclear fuels · Moderators and coolants and their relative merits · Thermal and fast breeder reactors · Principles of reactor control · Safety and reliability features

4. Unit 4Hydro‑Power Station

   Hydrological computations · Rainfall runoff · Flow and power duration curves · Mass curves · Storage capacity · Types of hydro stations and salient features · Dam components · Spillways · Intake systems · Head works · Pressure tunnels · Penstocks · Reservoirs and balancing reservoirs · Micro and pico hydro machines · Selection of hydraulic turbines for power stations · Site selection

5. Unit 5Power Station Economics

   Estimation and prediction of load · Maximum demand, load factor, diversity factor, plant factor and their influence on design, operation and economics · Comparison of hydro and nuclear power plant cost structures · Cost analysis problems · Economic performance and tariffs · Interconnected system advantages · Load dispatch in interconnected systems

1. Unit 1Design of Belt, Rope and Chain Drives

   Methods of power transmission · Design of flat belt drive and V‑belt drive · Design of chain drives, roller chain and its selection · Design of rope drives

2. Unit 2Spur and Helical Gears

   Force analysis of gear tooth · AGMA bending stress equation and AGMA contact stress equation · Modes of failure, beam strength, Lewis equation, form factor, formative gear and virtual number of teeth · Gear materials · Surface strength and wear of teeth; strength against wear · Design of straight‑tooth spur and helical gears

3. Unit 3Bevel Gears

   Application of bevel gears, formative gear and virtual number of teeth · Force analysis of bevel gears · Lewis equation for bevel gears · Strength against wear · Design of bevel gear

4. Unit 4Design of I.C. Engine Components

   General design considerations in internal‑combustion engines · Design of cylinder · Design of piston and piston rings · Design of connecting rod · Design of crankshaft

5. Unit 5Design of Miscellaneous Components

   Design of knuckle joint · Design of cotter joint · Design of keys · Design of flanged coupling · Rigid coupling and flexible coupling · Design of pressure vessels subjected to internal pressure · Design of power screw

1. Unit 1Linear system and distribution models

   Mathematical formulation of linear systems by linear programming (LP) · Solution of LP for two variables · Simplex method · Special cases of LP – transportation and assignment models and their graphical solution · Vogel's Approximation Method (VAM) or penalty method · Cell evaluation degeneracy · Basics of software tools such as LINDO, LINGO, TORA, Excel

2. Unit 2Supply chain (SCM)

   Definition, importance, expenditure and opportunities in SCM · Integration of inbound, outbound logistics and manufacturing to SCM · Flow of material, money and information · Difficulties in SCM due to local vs. system‑wide (global) optimisation and uncertainties in demand and transportation · Bull‑whip effect · Customer value · IT, information‑sharing and strategic partnerships · Plant and warehouse‑network configuration · Supply contracts and revenue sharing · Outsourcing · Transportation, cross‑docking and distribution, forecasting models in SCM · Coordination and leadership issues · Changing purchasing role, vendor rating and variability from multiple suppliers

3. Unit 3Inventory models

   Necessity of inventory in process and safety stock; problem of excess inventory and cycle time; JIT/Lean manufacturing · Basics of inventory models with deterministic demand – Classical Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) model · ABC, VED and other analyses based on shelf life, movement, size; MRP technique and calculations · Lot sizing in MRP, linking MRP with JIT · Evolution of MRP to ERP to SCM and e‑business

4. Unit 4Waiting line models and competitive strategy

   Introduction, input process, service mechanism, queue discipline · Single‑server model (M/M/1) – average length, average time calculations, optimum service rate · Basic multiple‑server models (M/M/s) · Concept and terminology of competitive strategy · Assumptions, pure and mixed strategies · Two‑person zero‑sum games, saddle point, dominance · Graphical, algebraic and LP methods for solving game‑theoretic problems

5. Unit 5Network analysis and meta‑heuristics

   Project planning, scheduling and controlling; project management fundamentals · Network techniques and their role in project management; network logics, Fulkerson's law · Merits and demerits of AON diagrams; PERT (Program Evaluation Review Technique) · Critical Path Method (CPM), determination of critical path, float/slack · Definition of heuristic and meta‑heuristic algorithms · Introduction to Tabu search, Simulated Annealing and Genetic algorithms · Application of meta‑heuristics to traveling salesman and non‑linear optimisation problems

1. Unit 1Introduction to Artificial Intelligence

   Main components and characteristics of AI (Feature Engineering, $ANN$, Deep Learning) · Applications of AI · Advantages and disadvantages of AI · Goals of AI · Comparison of programming a system with AI versus without AI · Challenges in AI · Programming languages commonly used in AI · Techniques/Algorithms used in AI · AI software platforms · Future trends in AI

2. Unit 2Various Types of Production Systems and Search Techniques

   Types of production systems · Characteristics of production systems · Breadth‑first search vs. depth‑first search · Hill‑climbing search technique · Best‑first search · $A^{*}$ algorithm · $AO^{*}$ algorithm · Various control strategies for production systems

3. Unit 3Knowledge Representation and Probabilistic Reasoning

   Problems in knowledge representation · Knowledge representation using propositional logic · Knowledge representation using predicate logic · Comparison of propositional and predicate logic · Resolution, refutation, deduction, theorem proving, inferencing · Monotonic and non‑monotonic reasoning · Probabilistic reasoning · Bayes' theorem · Semantic networks, scripts, schemas, frames, conceptual dependency · Fuzzy logic · Forward and backward reasoning

4. Unit 4Game Playing Techniques

   Minimax procedure · $\alpha$‑$\beta$ pruning · Planning techniques · Block‑world problem in robotics · Introduction to natural language processing

5. Unit 5Introduction to Learning, ANN

   Learning techniques in AI · Introduction to artificial neural networks (ANN) · Common‑sense reasoning · Convolutional Neural Network ($CNN$) · Feedforward Neural Network ($FNN$) · Recurrent Neural Network ($RNN$) · Multilayer Perceptron · Three‑layer architecture of ANN · Implementation of ANN · Applications of ANN in images, signals and language · Examples of expert systems

1. Unit 1Overview of Systems Engineering

   Introduction · Origin · Examples of Systems requiring systems engineering · Systems Engineer Career Development Model · Perspectives of Systems Engineering · Systems Domains · Systems Engineering Fields · System Engineering Approaches

2. Unit 2Structure of Complex Systems

   System Building Blocks and Interfaces · Hierarchy of Complex Systems · System Building Blocks · The System Environment · Interfaces and Interactions · Complexity in Modern Systems

3. Unit 3Concept Development and Exploration

   Originating a New System · Operational Analysis · Functional Analysis · Feasibility · System Operational Requirements · Implementation of Concept Exploration · Exploration in system life cycle · Concept definition phase · Activities involved in concept definition phase

4. Unit 4Engineering Development

   Reducing Program Risks · Requirements Analysis · Functional Analysis and Design · Prototype Development as a Risk Mitigation Technique · Development Testing · Risk Reduction · Place of engineering design phase in system life cycle · Various activities involved in engineering design phase

5. Unit 5Integration and Evaluation

   Integrating, Testing, And Evaluating The Total System · Test Planning And Preparation · System Integration · Developmental System Testing · Operational Test And Evaluation · Engineering For Production · Transition From Development To Production · Production Operations.operation and support phase

1. Unit 1Reliability

   Definition · Importance · History · Reliability vs. Quality · Failure pattern of complex product · Factor of safety and reliability · Reliability analysis procedure · Reliability management · Examples of system failures · Reliability function – MTTF · Hazard rate function · Bathtub curve

2. Unit 2Basic probability theory

   Set theory · Laws of probability · Probability theorem · Random variables and probability distributions · Bay’s Theorem · Central limit theorem

3. Unit 3Functions of random variables

   Single, two and several random variables · Probability distribution functions · Density functions for discrete and continuous variables · Mean, mode and median · Numerical solutions · Extremal distributions · Derivation of the reliability function – constant failure rate model · Time‑dependent failure models · Weibull distribution · Normal distribution · Lognormal distribution

4. Unit 4Modeling of geometry, strength and loads

   Fatigue strength · Time‑dependent reliability of components · Failure rate versus time · Reliability and hazard functions for different distributions · Estimation of failure rate · Expected residual life · Series, parallel and mixed systems · Complex systems · Reliability enhancement

5. Unit 5Reliability based design

   Optimization problems · Failure modes and effects analysis (FMEA) · Event tree and fault tree analysis · Reliability testing · Reliability data and analysis · Measurement of reliability · Monte Carlo simulation · Computation of reliability · Optimization techniques for system reliability with redundancy · Heuristic methods for optimal system reliability · Redundancy allocation by dynamic programming · Reliability optimization by nonlinear programming

1. Unit 1Laboratory Overview and Objectives

   Provide practical exposure to computer‑aided design (CAD) software tools such as SolidWorks, CATIA, and Unigraphics. · Introduce computer‑assisted manufacturing (CAM) processes including CNC turning, CNC milling, and CNC drilling. · Demonstrate remote operation of a computer‑integrated manufacturing (CIM) cell to develop industry‑ready skills.

1. Unit 1MATLAB Programming

   Introduction to $\textbf{MATLAB}$ environment and basic commands · Matrix creation, manipulation and arithmetic operations · Rational and logical operations in $\textbf{MATLAB}$ · Generating plots using the \texttt{plot} function · Complex numbers and statistical functions (e.g., random complex vector generation and summation) · Handling numbers and strings; M‑file programs for matrix input and diagonal extraction, ASCII character manipulation

2. Unit 2R Programming

   Overview of $\textbf{R}$ language and its statistical computing capabilities · Installation and setup of R, RStudio, and related tools on Windows/Mac · R data types, arithmetic and logical operators with examples · Matrix operations in $\textbf{R}$: creation, printing, column addition, slicing · Factors in $\textbf{R}$: handling categorical and continuous variables · Data frames in $\textbf{R}$: creation, appending, selection, subsetting

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