Heat and Mass Transfer (HMT)

• Modes of heat transfer
• Fourier's law
• Newton's law of cooling
• Stefan–Boltzmann law
• Thermal resistance and conductance
• Analogy between heat flow and electricity
• Combined heat transfer processes
• Conduction: Fourier heat conduction equation in rectangular, cylindrical and spherical coordinates
• Thermal diffusivity
• One‑dimensional steady‑state conduction through slabs, tubes, spherical shells and composite structures
• Electrical analogies for heat conduction
• Critical insulation thickness for pipes
• Effect of variable thermal conductivity

• Heat transfer from straight and annular fins (plates) with uniform cross‑section
• Error in temperature measurement in a thermometer well
• Fin efficiency and fin effectiveness
• Applications of extended surfaces
• Unsteady heat conduction: transient and periodic conduction
• Heating and cooling of bodies with known temperature distribution
• Systems with effectively infinite thermal conductivity
• Response of thermocouples

• Introduction to convection
• Free and forced convection
• Principle of dimensional analysis
• Buckingham $\pi$ theorem
• Empirical correlations for laminar and turbulent flow over a flat plate
• Empirical correlations for tubular geometry
• Calculation of convective heat‑transfer coefficient using data‑book correlations

• Heat exchangers: parallel‑flow and counter‑flow configurations
• Evaporators and condensers
• Overall heat‑transfer coefficient
• Fouling factors
• Log‑mean temperature difference ($LMTD$)
• Methods of heat‑exchanger analysis
• Effectiveness of heat exchangers
• Number of Transfer Units ($NTU$) method
• Mass transfer: Fick’s law
• Equimolar diffusion
• Diffusion coefficient and its analogy with heat transfer
• Diffusion of vapour in a stationary medium

• Nature of thermal radiation
• Emissive power, absorption, transmission, reflection and emission
• Planck’s distribution law
• Radiation from real surfaces
• Radiation exchange between black and gray surfaces
• Shape factor in radiative exchange
• Analogous electrical network for radiation problems
• Radiation shields
• Filmwise and dropwise condensation
• Nusselt theory for filmwise condensation on vertical plates and its modification for horizontal tubes
• Boiling heat‑transfer phenomena
• Regimes of boiling
• Boiling correlations

The syllabus lists no separate topics for this unit.