ME 4th Semester Syllabus

Unit 1Introduction to Energy Science

Introduction to energy systems and resources · Introduction to Energy, sustainability & the environment · Overview of energy systems, sources, transformations, efficiency, and storage · Fossil fuels (coal, oil, oil-bearing shale and sands, coal gasification) - past, present & future · Remedies & alternatives for fossil fuels - biomass, wind, solar, nuclear, wave, tidal and hydrogen · Sustainability and environmental trade-offs of different energy systems · possibilities for energy storage or regeneration (Ex. Pumped storage hydro power projects, superconductor-based energy storages, high efficiency batteries)

Unit 2Ecosystems

Concept of an ecosystem · Structure and function of an ecosystem · Producers, consumers and decomposers · Energy flow in the ecosystem · Ecological succession · Food chains, food webs and ecological pyramids · Introduction, types, characteristic features, structure and function of the following ecosystem (a.)Forest ecosystem (b) Grassland ecosystem (c) Desert ecosystem (d) Aquatic ecosystems (ponds, streams, lakes, rivers, oceans, estuaries)

Unit 3Biodiversity and its conservation

Introduction – Definition: genetic, species and ecosystem diversity · Bio-geographical classification of India · Value of biodiversity: consumptive use, productive use, social, ethical, aesthetic and option values · Biodiversity at global, National and local levels · India as a mega-diversity nation · Hot-sports of biodiversity · Threats to biodiversity: habitat loss, poaching of wildlife, man-wildlife conflicts · Endangered and endemic species of India · Conservation of biodiversity: In-situ and Ex-situ conservation of biodiversity

Unit 4Environmental Pollution

Definition, Cause, effects and control measures of Air pollution, Water pollution, Soil pollution, Marine pollution, Noise pollution, Thermal pollution, Nuclear hazards · Solid waste Management: Causes, effects and control measures of urban and industrial wastes · Role of an individual in prevention of pollution · Pollution case studies · Disaster management: floods, earthquake, cyclone and landslides

Unit 5Social Issues and the Environment

From Unsustainable to Sustainable development · Urban problems related to energy · Water conservation, rain water harvesting, watershed management · Resettlement and rehabilitation of people; its problems and concerns · Case Studies · Environmental ethics: Issues and possible solutions · Climate change, global warming, acid rain, ozone layer depletion, nuclear accidents and holocaust · Case Studies Wasteland reclamation · Consumerism and waste products · Environment Protection Act · Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act · Water (Prevention and control of Pollution) Act · Wildlife Protection Act · Forest Conservation Act · Issues involved in enforcement of environmental legislation · Public awareness

Unit 6Field work

Visit to a local area to document environmental assets-river/forest/grassland/hill/mountain · Visit to a local polluted site-Urban/Rural/Industrial/Agricultural · Study of common plants, insects, birds · Study of simple ecosystems-pond, river, hill slopes, etc

Unit 1Introduction to Instrumentation Systems

Introduction to instrument systems · Classifications · Functional elements of a measurement system · Standards and calibration · Static performance characteristics · Measurement errors and uncertainties · Analysis · Sequential and random test · Specifications of instrument static characteristics · Data acquisition · Reduction · Data outliner detection

Unit 2Dynamic Characteristics of Instruments

Dynamic characteristics of the instruments · Formulation of system equations · Dynamic response · Compensation · Periodic input · Harmonic signal non harmonic signal · Fourier transform · Response to the transient input · Response to random signal input · First and second order system compensation

Unit 3Measurement Techniques – Temperature, Pressure, Flow

Temperature measurements (thermometry based on thermal expansion, liquid in glass, bimetallic, electric resistance- thermometry, thermocouples, thermistors, detectors) · Pressure and velocity measurements (barometer, manometer, dead weight tester, pressure gauges and transducers, dynamic measurements) · Flow measurements (pressure differential meters, orifice meter, venturi meter, rota-meter)

Unit 4Strain, Motion and Torque Measurements

Strain gauges, strain and stress measurements, electrical circuits, compensations · Motion force and torque measurements, displacement measurements, potentiometers, linear and rotary variable differential transformers, velocity measurements, electromagnetic technique, stroboscope, load cell, measurement of torque on rotating shaft, power estimation from rotating shaft

Unit 5Control Systems

Control systems · Open loop and close loop control · Mathematical modeling of dynamic systems – mechanical systems · Electrical systems · Fluid systems · Thermal systems · Transfer function · Impulse response function · Block diagrams of close loop systems · System modeling using software

Unit 6== END OF UNITS==

Unit 1Introduction and Kinematics

Introduction to kinematics and kinetics of machines · Degree of freedom and types of motion · Kinematic concepts of links and joints · Kinematic chains and inversions · Absolute and relative motions · Displacement, velocity and acceleration diagrams · Overview of various mechanisms and applications

Unit 2Synthesis and Dynamics

Kinematic synthesis of linkages · Dynamic motion analysis of mechanisms and machines · Application of D'Alembert’s principle · Number synthesis · Construction of free‑body diagrams · Relationship between kinematic and dynamic quantities · Analytical and graphical methods for mechanism analysis

Unit 3Cams and Followers

Introduction to cams and followers · Classification of cams and followers · Nomenclature of cam geometry · Analysis of cam‑follower motion · Analytical cam design with specific contours · Pressure angle, radius and undercutting considerations · Motion constraints and programming · Critical‑path motion and torque on cam shaft

Unit 4Power Transmission

Kinematics of belt‑pulley systems · Flat and V‑belts, rope drives · Conditions for maximum power transmission · Efficiency of belt drives · Friction devices and pivot‑collar mechanisms · Power screws, plate and cone clutches · Brake classifications: block, band, internal, external · Friction circle and friction axis concepts

Unit 5Gears and Vibration

Fundamental laws of gearing · Classification and terminology of gears · Tooth profile geometry · Kinematic considerations in gear meshing · Types of gears: spur, bevel, worm, helical, hypoid · Gear trains and epicyclic gear sets · Compound gearing · Static and dynamic balancing of gears · Introduction to vibration and single‑degree‑of‑freedom systems

Unit 6== END OF UNITS==

Unit 1Introduction to Fluid Mechanics

Introduction, fluid and the continuum · Fluid properties, surface tension, bulk modulus and thermodynamic properties · Newton’s laws of viscosity and its coefficients · Newtonian and non‑Newtonian fluids · Hydrostatics and buoyancy · Metacentric height and stability of floating bodies

Unit 2Fluid Kinematics

Lagrangian and Eulerian method · Description of fluid flow, stream line, path line and streak line · Types of flow and types of motion · Local and convective acceleration · Continuity equation · Potential flow, circulation, velocity potential, stream function · Laplace equation and flow nets

Unit 3Fluid Dynamics

System and control volume analysis · Reynolds transport theorem · Euler’s equation · Bernoulli’s equation · Momentum and moment of momentum equations and their applications · Forces on immersed bodies, lift and drag · Streamlined and bluff bodies, flow around circular cylinder and aerofoils

Unit 4Flow Through Pipes

Reynolds number, laminar and turbulent flow · Viscous flow through parallel plates and pipes · Navier‑Stokes equation · Pressure gradient · Head loss in turbulent flow (Darcy’s equation) · Friction factor, minor losses · Hydraulic and energy gradient, pipe networks

Unit 5Boundary Layer and Compressible Flow

Introduction to boundary layer theory · Boundary layer parameters, Von Kármán momentum equation · Laminar and turbulent boundary conditions · Boundary layer separation · Compressible flow, Mach number, isentropic flow · Stagnation properties, normal and oblique shocks · Fanno and Rayleigh lines, flow through nozzles

Unit 6== END OF UNITS==

Unit 1Analysis of Machining Processes

Introduction to machining processes · Tool geometry · Tool materials · Wear characteristics · Cutting forces · Cutting fluids · Failure of cutting tools · Broaching operation · Types of broaching machines · Design of broaching tools · Centreless grinding · Thread chaser · Thread grinding/boring · Super‑finishing processes such as honing, lapping, electro‑polishing and buffing

Unit 2Gear Machining

Types of gears · Elements of gears · Methods of gear production · Gear cutting on milling machines · Gear machining by generation method · Principles of generation of surfaces – hobbing, shaping and basic rack cutting · Gear finishing by shaving and gear grinding · Tooth profile grinding · Suitable gear treatments

Unit 3Plastics

Composition of plastic materials · Moulding methods – injection moulding, compression moulding, transfer moulding, extrusion moulding, calendaring, blow moulding · Laminating and reinforcing of plastics · Welding of plastics

Unit 4Unconventional Machining Processes

Introduction to unconventional machining processes · Abrasive jet machining · Ultrasonic machining · Electrochemical machining · Electro discharge machining · Electron beam machining · Laser beam machining · Plasma arc machining · Non‑destructive testing of machined surfaces and tools

Unit 5Extrusion and Numerical Control

Principles of extrusion · Hot and cold extrusion processes · Tube extrusion · Sawing operations – power hacksaw, band saw, circular saw · Introduction to numerical control (NC) machining · NC machine tools and tooling · Part programming · Functions of NC machines · Coordinate systems used in NC machining

Unit 6== END OF UNITS==

Unit 1Role of computers in design and manufacture

Role of computers in design and manufacture · Drawing software, configuration, function and facilities · Parametric representation · Examples of drawings and systems

Unit 2Surface modeling, curves and surface representation

Surface modeling · Curves and surface representation – composite surfaces · Case studies in CAD · Parametric representation of analytic and synthetic curves · Surface manipulation · Design and engineering applications

Unit 3Current developments in CAD

Current developments in CAD · Feature based modeling · Design by feature

Unit 4Solid modeling

Solid modeling · Boundary representation · Analytic solid modeling · Constructive solid geometry (CSG) · Sweep representation · Design and engineering applications

Unit 5Strategic plan of CAD system design and development

Strategic plan of CAD system design and development · Graphic exchange · Features recovery