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RGPV B.Tech · 2nd Year

ECE 4th Semester Syllabus

Electronics & Communication Engineering (ECE): the official syllabus of all 6 4th sem subjects, unit by unit, with previous year papers, notes and important questions. Free to read.

Subjects

ECE 4th semester syllabus, unit by unit

Every subject of RGPV Electronics & Communication Engineering 4th semester (2nd year), as the official syllabus lists it.

Signals & Systems (SS)

EC-402

  1. Unit 1Introduction of Signals and Systems

    Definition of signal · Classification of signals and representation (continuous‑time, discrete‑time, even/odd, periodic/aperiodic, random/deterministic, energy/power, one/multidimensional, standard signals) · Basic operations on signals for continuous‑time / discrete‑time · Transformation of independent and dependent variables · Definition of system and its classification (CT/DT, linear/non‑linear, time‑variant/time‑invariant, causal/non‑causal, state/dynamic system) · Interconnection of systems · System properties: linearity (additivity, homogeneity), shift‑invariance, causality, stability, realizability

  2. Unit 2Linear Time‑Invariant Systems

    Introduction to LTI systems · Impulse response representation for LTI systems · Convolution · Properties of the impulse‑response representation for LTI systems · Difference equation for LTI systems · Block diagram representations (direct form‑I, direct form‑II, transpose, cascade, parallel) · Impulse response of DT‑LTI system and its properties

  3. Unit 3z‑Transform

    Introduction to the z‑transform · Region of convergence (ROC) of finite‑duration sequences · ROC of infinite‑duration sequences · Relation between discrete‑time Fourier transform and z‑transform · Properties of the ROC · Properties of the z‑transform · Inverse z‑transform · Analysis of discrete‑time LTI systems using the z‑transform · Unilateral z‑transform

  4. Unit 4Fourier Analysis of Discrete‑Time Signals

    Introduction to Fourier analysis of discrete‑time signals · Properties and applications of discrete‑time Fourier series · Representation of aperiodic signals · Fourier transform and its properties · Convergence of the discrete‑time Fourier transform · Fourier transform for periodic signals · Applications of the DTFT

  5. Unit 5State‑Space Analysis and Multi‑Input Multi‑Output Representation

    State‑space analysis and multi‑input, multi‑output representation · State‑transition matrix and its role · The sampling theorem and its implications · Spectra of sampled signals · Signal reconstruction

Analog Communication (AC)

EC-403

  1. Unit 1Frequency domain representation of signal

    Fourier transform and its properties · Condition of existence of Fourier transform · Fourier transform of impulse · Fourier transform of step · Fourier transform of signum · Fourier transform of cosine · Fourier transform of sine · Fourier transform of gate pulse · Fourier transform of constant · Properties of impulse function · Convolution theorem (time & frequency) · Correlation (auto & cross) · Energy spectral density · Power spectral density

  2. Unit 2Overview of communication system and amplitude modulation

    Overview of communication system · Communication channels · Need for modulation · Baseband signals · Pass‑band signals · Amplitude Modulation (AM) · Double side band with carrier (DSB‑C) · Double side band without carrier (DSB‑SC) · Single side band modulation (SSB) · Generation of AM · Vestigial side band (VSB) · Detection of VSB

  3. Unit 3Angle modulation and FM communication

    Angle modulation · Narrowband FM · Wideband FM · FM frequency spectrum · Transmission bandwidth of FM · FM generation methods – direct · FM generation methods – indirect · FM detection – balanced discriminator · FM detection – phase‑shift discriminator · FM detection – PLL detector · Pre‑emphasis · De‑emphasis · FM transmitter block diagram · FM receiver block diagram · Automatic Gain Control (AGC) · Automatic Volume Control (AVC) · Automatic Frequency Control (AFC)

  4. Unit 4AM transmitter and receiver characteristics

    AM transmitter · AM receiver · Tuned radio receiver · Super‑heterodyne receiver · Limitations of TRF receivers · Intermediate frequency (IF) · Image signal rejection · Selectivity · Sensitivity · Fidelity · Noise in AM · Noise in FM

  5. Unit 5Noise in analog communication

    Classification of noise · Sources of noise · Noise figure · Noise temperature · Noise bandwidth · Noise figure measurement · Noise in analog modulation · Figure of merit for AM · Figure of merit for FM · Effect of noise on AM receivers · Effect of noise on FM receivers

Control System (CS)

EC-404

  1. Unit 1Introduction to Control system

    Terminology and classification of control system · Examples of control system · Mathematical modeling of mechanical and electrical systems · Differential equations · Transfer function · Block diagram representation and reduction · Signal flow graph techniques · Feedback characteristics of control systems: open loop and closed loop systems · Effect of feedback on control system and on external disturbances · Linearization effect of feedback · Regenerative feedback

  2. Unit 2Time response analysis

    Standard test signals · Time response of 1st order system · Time response of 2nd order system · Steady-state errors and error constants · Effects of addition of poles and zeros to open loop and closed loop system · Concept of stability of linear systems · Effects of location of poles on stability · Necessary conditions for stability · Routh-Hurwitz stability criteria · Relative stability analysis · Root Locus concept · Guidelines for sketching Root-Locus

  3. Unit 3Frequency response analysis

    Correlation between time and frequency response · Polar plots · Bode plots · All-pass and minimum-phase systems · Log-magnitude versus Phase-Plots · Closed-loop frequency response · Nyquist stability criterion · Assessment of relative stability using Nyquist plot and Bode plot (phase margin, gain margin and stability)

  4. Unit 4Approaches to system design

    Design problem · Compensation techniques · Design of phase-lag compensator · Design of phase-lead compensator · Design of phase lead-lag compensator in time and frequency domain · Proportional, derivative, integral and composite controllers

  5. Unit 5State space representation of systems

    State space representation of systems · Block diagram for state equation · Transfer function decomposition · Solution of state equation · Transfer matrix · Relationship between state equation and transfer function · Controllability and observability

Analog Circuits (AC)

EC-405

  1. Unit 1Feedback Amplifier and Oscillators

    Concept of feedback and its types · Amplifier with negative feedback and its advantages · Feedback topologies

  2. Unit 2Oscillators

    Concept of positive feedback · Classification of oscillators · Barkhausen criterion · RC oscillator · RC phase shift oscillator · Wien bridge oscillator · LC oscillators: Hartley, Colpitts, Clapp, and crystal oscillator

  3. Unit 3Introduction to Integrated Circuits

    Advantages and characteristic parameters of ICs · Basic building components of ICs · Reading data sheets

  4. Unit 4Operational Amplifier

    Differential amplifier analysis · Dual‑input balanced‑output differential amplifier configuration · Dual‑input unbalanced‑output differential amplifier configuration · Single‑input balanced‑output differential amplifier configuration · Single‑input unbalanced‑output differential amplifier configuration · Introduction of op‑amp · Block diagram of op‑amp · Characteristics and equivalent circuits of an ideal op‑amp · Power‑supply configurations for op‑amp

  5. Unit 5Characteristics of Op‑amp

    Ideal and practical op‑amp behavior · Input offset voltage · Input offset current · Input bias current · Output offset voltage · Thermal drift · Effect of power‑supply voltage variation · Common‑mode rejection ratio (CMRR) · Slew rate and its effect · Power‑supply rejection ratio (PSRR) and gain‑bandwidth product · Frequency limitations and compensation · Transient response · Analysis of TL082 datasheet

  6. Unit 6Op‑amp Applications

    Inverting amplifier configuration · Non‑inverting amplifier configuration · Summing amplifier · Integrator circuit · Differentiator circuit · Instrumentation amplifier · Differential input and differential output amplifier · Voltage‑series feedback amplifier · Voltage‑shunt feedback amplifier · Log/antilog amplifier · Triangular/rectangular wave generator · Phase‑shift oscillator · Wien bridge oscillator · Analog multiplier (MPY634) · Voltage‑controlled oscillator (VCO) · Comparator · Zero‑crossing detector · Filter characteristics · Classification of filters · Magnitude and frequency response of filters · Butterworth 1st‑order low‑pass filter · Butterworth 2nd‑order low‑pass filter · High‑pass filter · Band‑pass filter · Chebyshev filter characteristics · Band‑reject filter · Notch filter · All‑pass filter · Self‑tuned filters · Automatic gain control (AGC) using op‑amp · Automatic volume control (AVC) using op‑amp

  7. Unit 7Timer

    IC‑555 timer concept · Block pin configuration of timer · Monostable multivibrator using 555 · Bistable multivibrator using 555 · Astable multivibrator using 555 · Schmitt trigger · Voltage limiters · Clipper circuits · Clamper circuits · Absolute‑value output circuit · Peak detector · Sample‑and‑hold circuit · Precision rectifiers · Voltage‑to‑current converter · Current‑to‑voltage converter

  8. Unit 8Voltage Regulator

    Simple op‑amp voltage regulator · Fixed voltage regulator · Adjustable voltage regulator · Dual power‑supply regulator · Basic switching regulator · Characteristics of standard regulator ICs: linear regulator, switching regulator, low‑dropout regulator · Study of LM317 · Study of TPS40200 · Study of TPS7250

Simulation Lab (SL)

EC-406

  1. Unit 1Introduction to circuit simulation software

    Overview of TINA‑PRO, PSPICE, and Circuit Maker features · Applications in electronic circuits, instrumentation, and network analysis

  2. Unit 2Design, optimization and simulation of basic electronic circuits

    Simulation of rectifier circuits · Simulation of clipper circuits · Simulation of clamper circuits · Simulation of diode characteristics · Simulation of transistor characteristics

  3. Unit 3Transient and steady‑state analysis of RL/RC/RLC circuits

    Transient analysis of RL circuits · Transient analysis of RC circuits · Transient analysis of RLC circuits · Steady‑state analysis of RL circuits · Steady‑state analysis of RC circuits · Steady‑state analysis of RLC circuits · Realization of network theorems using simulation

  4. Unit 4Use of virtual instruments built in the software

    Utilizing virtual oscilloscopes within the simulation environment · Utilizing virtual function generators within the simulation environment · Utilizing virtual multimeters within the simulation environment

  5. Unit 5Introduction to PCB layout software

    Overview of PCB layout software tools · Optimization and design of PCB layouts for simulated circuits · Fabrication considerations for PCB designs · Simulation and design of PCB for at least two semester circuits

Energy & Environmental Engineering (EEE)

ES-401

  1. Unit 1Introduction to Energy Science

    Introduction to energy systems and resources · Introduction to Energy, sustainability & the environment · Overview of energy systems, sources, transformations, efficiency, and storage · Fossil fuels (coal, oil, oil-bearing shale and sands, coal gasification) - past, present & future · Remedies & alternatives for fossil fuels - biomass, wind, solar, nuclear, wave, tidal and hydrogen · Sustainability and environmental trade-offs of different energy systems · possibilities for energy storage or regeneration (Ex. Pumped storage hydro power projects, superconductor-based energy storages, high efficiency batteries)

  2. Unit 2Ecosystems

    Concept of an ecosystem · Structure and function of an ecosystem · Producers, consumers and decomposers · Energy flow in the ecosystem · Ecological succession · Food chains, food webs and ecological pyramids · Introduction, types, characteristic features, structure and function of the following ecosystem (a.)Forest ecosystem (b) Grassland ecosystem (c) Desert ecosystem (d) Aquatic ecosystems (ponds, streams, lakes, rivers, oceans, estuaries)

  3. Unit 3Biodiversity and its conservation

    Introduction – Definition: genetic, species and ecosystem diversity · Bio-geographical classification of India · Value of biodiversity: consumptive use, productive use, social, ethical, aesthetic and option values · Biodiversity at global, National and local levels · India as a mega-diversity nation · Hot-sports of biodiversity · Threats to biodiversity: habitat loss, poaching of wildlife, man-wildlife conflicts · Endangered and endemic species of India · Conservation of biodiversity: In-situ and Ex-situ conservation of biodiversity

  4. Unit 4Environmental Pollution

    Definition, Cause, effects and control measures of Air pollution, Water pollution, Soil pollution, Marine pollution, Noise pollution, Thermal pollution, Nuclear hazards · Solid waste Management: Causes, effects and control measures of urban and industrial wastes · Role of an individual in prevention of pollution · Pollution case studies · Disaster management: floods, earthquake, cyclone and landslides

  5. Unit 5Social Issues and the Environment

    From Unsustainable to Sustainable development · Urban problems related to energy · Water conservation, rain water harvesting, watershed management · Resettlement and rehabilitation of people; its problems and concerns · Case Studies · Environmental ethics: Issues and possible solutions · Climate change, global warming, acid rain, ozone layer depletion, nuclear accidents and holocaust · Wasteland reclamation · Consumerism and waste products · Environment Protection Act · Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act · Water (Prevention and control of Pollution) Act · Wildlife Protection Act · Forest Conservation Act · Issues involved in enforcement of environmental legislation · Public awareness

  6. Unit 6Field work

    Visit to a local area to document environmental assets-river/forest/grassland/hill/mountain · Visit to a local polluted site-Urban/Rural/Industrial/Agricultural · Study of common plants, insects, birds · Study of simple ecosystems-pond, river, hill slopes, etc.