EX 2nd Semester Syllabus

Unit 1Wave nature of particles and the Schrödinger equation

Introduction to quantum mechanics · Wave nature of particles · Operator formalism · Time‑dependent Schrödinger equation · Time‑independent Schrödinger equation · Particle in a one‑dimensional box · Born interpretation of the wavefunction · Free‑particle wavefunction and wave‑packets · Group velocity (v_g) and phase velocity (v_p) relations · Heisenberg uncertainty principle

Unit 2Wave optics

Huygens’ principle · Superposition of waves · Interference of light: Young’s double‑slit experiment, Newton’s rings, Michelson interferometer, Mach‑Zehnder interferometer · Fraunhofer diffraction from a single slit and a circular aperture · Rayleigh criterion for resolution and its application to vision · Diffraction gratings and their resolving power

Unit 3Introduction to solids

Free‑electron theory of metals · Fermi level for intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors · Density of states · Bloch’s theorem for electrons in a periodic potential · Kronig‑Penney model (conceptual overview) · Origin of energy bands in solids · Current‑voltage characteristics of p‑n junctions · Zener diode operation · Solar cell fundamentals · Hall effect

Unit 4Lasers

Einstein A and B coefficients for matter‑radiation interaction · Population inversion and optical amplification · Gas lasers: He‑Ne, CO₂ · Solid‑state lasers: ruby, Nd‑based lasers · Laser beam properties: monochromaticity, coherence, directionality, brightness · Laser speckles and applications in science, engineering, and medicine · Introduction to optical fibers: acceptance angle, numerical aperture, V‑number, attenuation

Unit 5Electrostatics in vacuum

Electric field and electrostatic potential for various charge distributions · Electric displacement vector · Basic concepts of dielectrics · Vector calculus operators: gradient, divergence, curl · Stokes’ theorem · Gauss’ theorem · Continuity equation for charge density · Maxwell’s equations in vacuum and non‑conducting media · Poynting vector and electromagnetic energy flow

Unit 1Ordinary Differential Equations I

Differential Equations of First Order and First Degree (Leibnitz linear, Bernoulli’s, Exact) · Differential Equations of First Order and Higher Degree · Higher order differential equations with constants coefficients · Homogeneous Linear Differential equations · Simultaneous Differential Equations

Unit 2Ordinary differential Equations II

Second order linear differential equations with variable coefficients · Method of variation of parameters · Power series solutions · Legendre polynomials · Bessel functions of the first kind and their properties

Unit 3Partial Differential Equations

Formulation of Partial Differential equations · Linear and Non-Linear Partial Differential Equations · Homogeneous Linear Partial Differential Equations with Constants Coefficients

Unit 4Functions of Complex Variable

Analytic Functions · Harmonic Conjugate · Cauchy-Riemann Equations · Line Integral · Cauchy-Goursat theorem · Cauchy Integral formula · Singular Points · Poles & Residues · Residue Theorem · Application of Residues theorem for Evaluation of Real Integral (Unit Circle)

Unit 5Vector Calculus

Differentiation of Vectors · Scalar and vector point function · Gradient · Geometrical meaning of gradient · Directional Derivative · Divergence and Curl · Line Integral · Surface Integral · Volume Integral · Gauss Divergence · Stokes and Green theorems

Unit 1Unit I: Materials

Classification of engineering material · Composition of cast iron and carbon steels and the iron‑carbon diagram · Alloy steels and their applications · Mechanical properties: strength, hardness, toughness, ductility, brittleness, malleability · Tensile test – stress‑strain diagram of ductile and brittle materials · Hooke’s law and modulus of elasticity · Hardness and impact testing of materials (BHN, etc.)

Unit 2Unit II: Measurement

Concept of measurements and measurement errors · Temperature, pressure, velocity, flow and strain measurement · Force and torque measurement · Vernier caliper, micrometer, dial gauge, slip gauge, sine‑bar and combination set

Unit 3Unit III: Production Engineering

Elementary theoretical aspects of production processes such as casting, carpentry and welding · Introduction to lathe and drilling machines and their various operations

Unit 4Unit IV: Fluids

Fluid properties – pressure, density and viscosity; classification of fluids · Newton’s law of viscosity and Pascal’s law · Bernoulli’s equation for incompressible fluids · Working principle of hydraulic machines, pumps, turbines and reciprocating pumps

Unit 5Unit V: Thermodynamics and Reciprocating Machines

Thermodynamic system, properties, state and process; Zeroth, First and Second laws of thermodynamics · Thermodynamic processes at constant pressure, volume, enthalpy and entropy · Steam engineering – classification and working of boilers, mountings, efficiency, performance analysis, natural and artificial draught, steam properties and steam tables · Reciprocating machines – working principle of steam engine, Carnot, Otto, Diesel and Dual cycles with P‑V and T‑S diagrams and efficiencies · Two‑stroke and four‑stroke petrol and diesel engines, compressor operation

Unit 1Building Materials & Construction

Stones, bricks, cement, lime, timber‑types, properties, test & uses, laboratory tests on concrete and mortar · Workability and strength properties of concrete; nominal proportion of concrete, preparation, compaction and curing · Elements of building construction: conventional spread footings, RCC footings, brick masonry walls, plastering and pointing, floors, roofs, doors, windows, lintels, staircases and their suitability

Unit 2Surveying & Positioning

Introduction to surveying instruments – levels, theodolites, plane tables and related devices · Electronic surveying instruments and related devices · Measurement of distances – conventional and EDM methods · Measurement of directions by various methods · Measurement of elevations by various methods · Reciprocal leveling

Unit 3Mapping & Sensing

Mapping details and contouring, profile cross‑sectioning, measurement of areas and volumes, application of measurements in quantity computations, survey stations · Introduction to remote sensing and its applications

Unit 4Forces and Equilibrium (Engineering Mechanics)

Graphical and analytical treatment of concurrent and non‑concurrent forces, free‑body diagram, force diagram and Bow’s notation · Application of equilibrium concepts: analysis of plane trusses using method of joints and method of sections · Frictional forces in equilibrium problems

Unit 5Centre of Gravity and Moment of Inertia (Engineering Mechanics)

Centroid and centre of gravity · Moment of inertia of area and mass, radius of gyration, product of inertia and principal axes · Support reactions, shear force and bending moment diagrams for cantilever and simply supported beams with concentrated, distributed loads and couples

Unit 6== END OF UNITS==

Unit 1UNIT I – Computer Fundamentals

Definition and Classification of computers · Computer organization: CPU, registers, bus architecture, instruction set · Memory and storage systems · Input/Output devices · System and application software · Computer applications in e‑Business, bio‑informatics, health care, remote sensing & GIS, meteorology and climatology · Computer gaming, multimedia and animation

Unit 2UNIT II – Algorithms, Programming Fundamentals and C++ Basics

Introduction to algorithms, complexity analysis and flowcharts · Fundamentals of programming and categories of programming languages · Program design and programming paradigms (procedural vs. object‑oriented) · Concepts of OOP: characteristics and principles · Introduction to C++: character set, tokens, precedence and associativity · C++ program structure, data types, variables, operators, expressions and statements · Control structures, I/O operations, arrays and functions

Unit 3UNIT III – Object‑Oriented Concepts and Data Structures

Objects and classes, scope resolution operator · Constructors and destructors, friend functions · Inheritance (single, multiple, hierarchical, hybrid) and polymorphism · Function and operator overloading, virtual functions · Introduction to data structures

Unit 4UNIT IV – Computer Networking and Security

Computer networking fundamentals: goals, ISO‑OSI model and layer functions · Internetworking concepts, networking devices, TCP/IP model · Internet, World Wide Web and e‑commerce basics · Computer security basics: viruses, worms, malware, Trojans, spyware · Security threats: money laundering, information theft, cyber‑pornography, email spoofing, DoS attacks, cyber‑stalking, logic bombs, hacking, spamming, defamation, pharming · Security measures: firewalls, best practices, computer ethics · Overview of cyber laws and internet fraud prevention

Unit 5UNIT V – Database Management Systems and Cloud Computing

Introduction to DBMS: file‑oriented vs. database approach · Data models, DBMS architecture and data independence · Data dictionary, DBA responsibilities, primary keys · Data definition language (DDL) and data manipulation language (DML) · Cloud computing concepts: definition, cloud infrastructure · Service delivery models (IaaS, PaaS, SaaS) · Deployment models (public, private, community, hybrid) · Advantages and disadvantages of cloud computing

Unit 1Language Laboratory Sessions

Introducing oneself, family, social roles. · Public Speaking and oral skills with emphasis on conversational practice, extempore speech, JAM (Just a minute sessions), describing objects and situations, giving directions, debate, telephonic etiquette. · Reading Comprehension: Intensive reading skills, rapid reading, and reading aloud (Reading material to be selected by the teacher). · Writing a book review. Standard text must be selected by the teacher. · Role plays: preparation and delivery of topics selected by teacher/faculty.