AIDS 5th Semester Syllabus

Unit 1Introduction of Automata Theory

Review of Sets · Mathematical formal proofs including proof by induction and by contradiction · Introduction to languages, grammars and automata: Alphabet · Representation of language and grammar · Types of Automata · Finite Automata as a language acceptor and translator · Moore machines and Mealy machines · Composite machine · Conversion from Mealy to Moore and vice versa

Unit 2Types of Finite Automata

Non Deterministic Finite Automata (NDFA) · Deterministic finite automata machines · Conversion of NDFA to DFA · Minimization of automata machines · Regular expression · Applications of regular expressions · Arden’s theorem · Meaning of union, intersection, concatenation and closure · 2‑way DFA

Unit 3Grammars

Types of grammar · Context sensitive grammar · Context free grammar · Regular grammar · Derivation trees · Ambiguity in grammar · Simplification of context free grammar · Conversion of grammar to automata machine and vice versa · Chomsky hierarchy of grammar · Chomsky normal form and Greibach normal form

Unit 4Push down Automata

Example of PDA · Deterministic and non‑deterministic PDAs · Context Free Grammar · Parsing · Ambiguity · Normal form of CFGs · CFG to NPDA · NPDA to CFGs · CFG equivalent to PDA · Petri nets model

Unit 5Turing Machine

Turing Machine as acceptor · Recognizing a Language · Universal TMs · Linear Bounded Automata · Context Sensitive Languages · Recursive and Recursively Enumerable Languages · Unrestricted Grammars · Halting problem of Turing machine & the post correspondence problem · Concept of Solvability and Unsolvability · Church’s Thesis · Complexity Theory – P and NP problems

Unit 1Introduction to Machine Learning

Introduction to machine learning · Machine learning life cycle · Types of machine learning system (supervised, unsupervised, batch, online, instance‑based, model‑based) · Scope and limitations · Challenges of machine learning · Data visualization · Hypothesis function and testing · Data pre‑processing · Data augmentation · Normalizing data sets · Bias‑Variance tradeoff · Relationship between AI, ML, DL and DS

Unit 2Clustering in Machine Learning

Clustering in machine learning · Partitioning clustering · Distribution model‑based clustering · Hierarchical clustering · Fuzzy clustering · Birch algorithm · CURE algorithm · Gaussian mixture models · Expectation maximization · Parameter estimation – maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) · Parameter estimation – maximum a posteriori (MAP) · Applications of clustering

Unit 3Classification Algorithms

Logistic regression · Decision tree classification · Neural networks · K‑Nearest Neighbors (K‑NN) · Support vector machine · Naïve Bayes (Gaussian, Multinomial, Bernoulli) · Confusion matrix · Classification accuracy · Precision, recall, F1‑score · Support

Unit 4Ensemble Learning and Random Forest

Introduction to ensemble learning · Max voting · Averaging · Weighted average · Voting classifiers · Bagging · Pasting · Out‑of‑bag evaluation · Random patches · Random subspaces · Random forests (extra‑trees, feature importance) · Boosting (AdaBoost, gradient boosting) · Stacking

Unit 5Dimensionality Reduction

Curse of dimensionality · Projection‑based dimensionality reduction · Manifold learning · Principal component analysis (PCA) – preserving variance · Principal components · Projecting to d dimensions · Explained variance ratio · Choosing number of dimensions · PCA for compression · Randomized PCA · Incremental PCA · Kernel PCA – kernel selection and hyper‑parameter tuning · Learning theory – PAC model · Learning theory – VC model

Unit 1Introduction and Web Design

Concept of WWW and Internet · HTTP protocol: request, response, headers, methods · Web browsers and web servers · Features of Web 2.0 · Effective web design concepts · Browser, bandwidth and cache considerations · Display resolution and look & feel of a website · Page layout and linking · User‑centric design · Sitemap planning and publishing · Designing effective navigation

Unit 2HTML, Browser Architecture and Client‑Side Programming

Basics of HTML: formatting, fonts, comments, colors, hyperlinks, lists, tables, images, forms · XHTML and meta tags · Character entities, frames and frame sets · Browser architecture and website structure · WebSockets overview and HTML5 features · MIME type and content encoding · Session tracking and cookies · Browser operation and plugins · Search engine basics · Client‑side programming: JavaScript fundamentals and regular expressions · Web server concepts

Unit 3Style Sheets (CSS) and Advanced JavaScript

CSS fundamentals: need, syntax, structure · Using CSS for background images, colors, text manipulation, fonts, borders, boxes, margins, padding · Positioning with CSS · CSS2 and CSS3 features · JavaScript client‑side scripting: variables, functions, conditions, loops, pop‑up boxes · Advanced JavaScript: objects, DOM manipulation, form validation · DHTML: integration of HTML, CSS and JavaScript · Event handling and button interactions

Unit 4XML and PHP Foundations

XML introduction and key components · Simple XML structures, DTD and schemas · Using XML with applications; XSL and XSLT transformations · PHP basics: syntax, decision and looping constructs · PHP integration with HTML · PHP arrays, functions, string handling, form processing, file handling · Advanced PHP: cookies, sessions, object‑oriented programming · Browser control and detection in PHP

Unit 5PHP and MySQL Integration

Connecting PHP to MySQL server · Creating databases and tables · Selecting, listing, inserting, altering, querying and deleting data · Using phpMyAdmin and handling database errors · Case study: web‑based application development

Unit 1Raster Scan Displays and Drawing Algorithms

Raster Scan displays · Pixels · Frame buffer · Vector and character generation · Random Scan systems · Display devices · Scan conversion techniques · Simple DDA line drawing algorithm · Bresenham’s line drawing algorithm · Midpoint circle drawing algorithm · Bresenham’s circle drawing algorithm · Boundary-fill polygon fill algorithm · Flood-fill polygon fill algorithm

Unit 22‑D Transformations and Clipping

2‑D translation · 2‑D rotation · 2‑D scaling · 2‑D shearing · 2‑D reflection · Inverse transformation · Homogeneous coordinate system · Matrix transformations · Composite transformation · World coordinate system · Screen coordinate system · Viewing transformation · Line clipping algorithms · Polygon clipping algorithms

Unit 33‑D Transformations, Projection, and Illumination

3‑D translation · 3‑D rotation · 3‑D scaling · Parallel projection types · Perspective projection types · Depth comparison for hidden surface elimination · Back‑face detection algorithm · Painter’s algorithm · Z‑Buffer algorithm · Bezier curve generation · B‑spline curve generation · Diffuse reflection illumination model · Specular reflection illumination model · Phong shading · Gouraud shading · Ray tracing · Color models: RGB, YIQ, CMY, HSV

Unit 4Visualization Techniques

Visualization of 2D scalar fields: color mapping · Visualization of 3D scalar fields: ISO surfaces · Direct volume rendering: ray‑casting · Transfer functions · Segmentation · Visualization of vector fields and flow data · Visualization of time‑varying data · High‑dimensional data visualization: dimension reduction · Parallel coordinates · Non‑spatial data visualization: multivariate, tree/graph structured, text · Perceptual and cognitive foundations of visualization · Evaluation of visualization methods · Applications of visualization · Basic animation techniques: traditional, key framing

Unit 5Multimedia and Animation

Fundamentals of multimedia · Multimedia applications · Text types and Unicode standard · Text compression · Text file formats · Audio components and digital audio · Digital audio processing · Sound cards · Audio file formats · Audio processing software · Video color spaces · Digital video · Digital video processing · Video file formats · Animation uses · Principles of animation · Computer‑based animation · 3D animation · Animation file formats · Animation software · Special effects in animation · Storyboarding for animation · Lossless and lossy compression techniques · Image compression · Audio compression · Video compression · MPEG standards · Multimedia architecture · Multimedia databases

Unit 1Basic Structure of Computer

Structure of desktop computers · CPU organization: general registers, memory register, instruction register, control word, stack organization · Instruction format, ALU, I/O system and bus architecture · Program counter and bus structure · Register Transfer Language (RTL) for bus and memory transfers · Addressing modes · Control unit organization: basic instruction concepts, instruction types, micro‑instruction formats · Fetch‑decode‑execute cycle · Hard‑wired control unit versus microprogrammed control unit · Microprogram sequencer and control memory · Sequencing and execution of micro‑instructions

Unit 2Computer Arithmetic

Binary addition and subtraction · Complement representation and signed arithmetic · Multiplication and division algorithms · Booth’s algorithm for multiplication · Division operation techniques · Floating‑point arithmetic operations · Design of an arithmetic unit

Unit 3I/O Organization

I/O interfaces: PCI bus, SCSI bus, USB · Data transfer modes: serial, parallel, synchronous, asynchronous · Direct Memory Access (DMA) · I/O processor architecture

Unit 4Memory Organization

Main memory: RAM and ROM technologies · Secondary storage: magnetic tape, magnetic disk, optical storage · Cache memory: structure, mapping schemes, replacement algorithms · Techniques for improving cache performance · Virtual memory concepts and memory‑management hardware

Unit 5Multiprocessors and Advanced Architectures

Characteristics and structure of multiprocessor systems · Inter‑processor arbitration and inter‑processor communication · Memory organization in multiprocessor systems · Pipelining concepts · Vector and array processing techniques · RISC versus CISC architectures · Study of modern multicore processors (Intel, AMD)

Unit 1Basic Concepts of MIS

Data vs Information · Organization Structures · Business Process · Role of the MIS · Importance, Scope, Impact and Advantages of the MIS · MIS as a support to management · Structure/Architecture of MIS · Classification of MIS based on information characteristics, application, and business function

Unit 2Resources and Components of Information Systems

Managing Information Resources in an Organization · IT infrastructure and upcoming technologies · Integration and automation of Business Functions · Developing Business Models · Fundamentals of Data Processing

Unit 3Information System Development

Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) · Models and approaches to system development · Information System Planning · System Analysis and Design – Need for System Analysis · Analysis of the existing system · Analysis of new requirements · System Development · System Implementation · Factors responsible for success and failure of Information Systems

Unit 4Information System Applications

Business Applications · Decision Support Systems (DSS) – Characteristics · Problem Analysis vs Decision Making · DSS applications in e‑enterprise · Knowledge Management System and Knowledge‑Based Expert System · Enterprise Model System and e‑Business · ERP systems · E‑Commerce · E‑communication · Business Process Reengineering

Unit 5Evaluation and Maintenance of MIS

Protecting Information Systems – Security challenges in e‑enterprises · Security threats, vulnerabilities, and safeguards · Controlling security threats and vulnerabilities · Technologies for information system control · Disaster Recovery Plans · Emerging trends and technologies in Management Information Systems

Unit 1Overview

What is a Game · Game Design Schema · Game Design fundamentals · Engineering application of game theory · Iterative design process · Commissions · Design & Testing of the Board Game · Introduction to meaningful play · Discernable meaningful play · Integrated meaningful play

Unit 2Design and Semiotics

Design and meaning · Semiotics overview · Four semiotic concepts · Context shapes interpretations

Unit 3Systems and Interactivity

Introduction to Systems · Elements of a System · Framing Systems · Open & closed systems · Introduction to Interactivity · Multivalent model of interactivity · Interaction & choice · Choice molecules · Anatomy of choice · Space of possibility

Unit 4Defining Digital Games

Overview of digital games · Magic circle concept · Primary Schemas: conceptual framework · Primary Schemas: rule · Primary Schemas: play · Primary Schemas: culture

Unit 5Rules and Case Studies

Defining rules · Deck of cards as example · Quality of rules · Rules in context · Operational level rules · Constituative level rules · Implicit level rules · Identity of a Game · Specificity of rules · Rules of digital games · Case study: Tic Tac Toe · Case study: Deck of Cards

Unit 1Origin & Development of OR and Linear Programming

Origin and development of Operations Research (OR) · Different phases of OR study · Methodology of OR · Scope and limitations of OR · OR in decision making · Linear Programming – introduction · Mathematical formulation of LP problems · Graphical solution methods · Standard forms of LP · Simplex method for maximization problems · Simplex method for minimization problems · Interpretation of duality in LP · Dual simplex method

Unit 2Transportation and Assignment Problems

Transportation problem (TP) formulation · Finding a basic feasible solution for TP · Optimal solution methods for TP · Assignment problem formulation · Hungarian method for solving assignment problems · Travelling Salesman Problem (TSP) overview

Unit 3Project Scheduling – PERT and CPM

Project scheduling using PERT and CPM with known activity times · Critical Path Analysis · Types of float (total, free, etc.) · Probability considerations in PERT · Updating PERT charts · Project crashing techniques · Formulation of CPM as a linear programming problem · Resource leveling · Resource scheduling

Unit 4Sequencing, Job‑Shop Problems and Dynamic Programming

Introduction to sequencing problems · Flow‑shop problem – processing n jobs through 2, 3 and m machines · General n/m job‑shop problem · Introduction to dynamic programming · Dynamic‑programming approach for solving linear programming problems · Applications of dynamic programming in OR

Unit 5Queueing Theory

Introduction to queuing theory · Classification of queuing systems and their characteristics · Pure‑birth and pure‑death models · Kendall and Lee’s notation for queuing systems · Empirical queuing models · Numerical analysis of M/M/1 queuing model · Numerical analysis of M/M/c queuing model

Unit 1Overview of Unix/Linux

Concepts of Unix/Linux · Unix/Linux Installation Process · Hardware requirements for Unix/Linux · Advantages of Unix/Linux · Reasons for Popularity and Success of Linux/Unix Operating System · Features of Linux/Unix Operating System · Kernel · Kernel Functions

Unit 2Shell Programming

The Shell Basic Commands · Shell Variables · Branching Control Structures · Loop-Control Structure · Continue and break Statements · Sleep Command · Debugging Script · Use of Linux as web server, file server, directory server, application server, DNS server, SMTP server, Firewall, Proxy server

Unit 3File System

Definition of File System · Defining Geometry · Disk Controller · Solaris File System · Disk-Based File Systems · Network-Based File Systems · Virtual File Systems · UFS File System · The Boot Block · The Super Block · The Inode · Tuning File System · Repairing File System

Unit 4Process Control

Viewing a Process · Command to display Process · Process Attributes · Process States · Process Fields · PS Commands options · PGREP · PRSTAT · CDE Process Manager · Scheduling Process · Scheduling Priorities · Changing the Priority of a time-sharing process · Killing Process

Unit 5System Security

Physical Security · Controlling System Access · Restricted Shells · Controlling File Access · File Access Commands · Access Control List (ACLs) · Setting ACL Entries · Modifying ACL entries on a file · Deleting ACL entries on a file · Restricting FTP · Securing Super User Access · Restricting Root Access · Monitoring super user Access · TCP Wrappers

Unit 6Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)

Introduction to DHCP · DHCP Leased Time · DHCP Scopes · DHCP IP Address Allocation Types · Planning DHCP Deployment · DHCP Configuration files · Automatic Startup of DHCP Server · Configuration of DHCP Clients · Manually Configuring the DHCP

Unit 7Case Study

Installation of Linux · Customization of Linux · Installation of SAMBA · Installation of APACHE · Installation of TOMCAT · Send MAIL · Postfix · Implementation of DNS · LDAP services · Firewall · Proxy server