IT 6th Semester Syllabus

Unit 1Display and Input Devices

Raster scan displays · Storage tube displays · Refreshing · Flickering · Interlacing · Colour monitors · Display processor resolution · Dot matrix printers · Inkjet laser printers · Keyboard operation · Mouse · Scanner · Digitizing camera · Track ball · Tablet · Joysticks · Graphical input techniques · Positioning techniques · Rubber‑band techniques · Dragging

Unit 2Scan Conversion and Curve Drawing

Scan conversion techniques · Image representation · Line drawing · Simple DDA algorithm · Bresenham’s line algorithm · Circle drawing · General circle method · Symmetric DDA · Bresenham’s circle algorithm · Curves · Parametric function · Bezier method · B‑spline method

Unit 3Geometric Transformations and Projection

2D and 3D coordinate systems · Translation · Rotation · Scaling · Reflection · Inverse transformation · Composite transformation · World coordinate system · Screen coordinate system · Parallel projection · Perspective projection · Representation of 3D objects on a 2D screen · Point clipping · Line clipping algorithms · Polygon clipping algorithms · Hidden surface elimination (introduction) · Basic illumination model · Diffuse reflection · Specular reflection · Phong shading · Gouraud shading · Ray tracing · Color models: RGB, YIQ, CMY, HSV

Unit 4Multimedia System Architecture

Multimedia components and applications · Multimedia system architecture · Evolving multimedia technologies · Defining objects for multimedia systems · Multimedia data interface standards · Multimedia databases · Multimedia hardware · SCSI interface · IDE interface · MCI interface · Multimedia tools · Presentation tools · Authoring tools

Unit 5Multimedia Compression and Formats

Compression and decompression techniques · Multimedia data and file‑format standards · TIFF format · MIDI format · JPEG format · DIB format · MPEG format · RTF format · Multimedia I/O technologies · Digital voice and audio · Video image and animation · Full‑motion video · Storage and retrieval technologies

Unit 1Antenna and Propagation

Antenna · Radiation pattern · Antenna types · Antenna gain · Propagation modes · Types of fading · Model for wireless digital communication · Multiple access techniques (SDMA, TDMA, FDMA, CDMA, DAMA, PRMA, MAC/CA) · Cellular network organization · Operations of cellular system · Mobile radio propagation effects · Handoff · Power control · Sectorization · Traffic engineering · Infinite sources · Lost calls cleared · Grade of service · Poisson arrival process

Unit 2GSM and Broadband Technologies

GSM services · GSM system architecture · Radio interface · Logical channels · Protocols · Localization and calling · Handover · Security · HSCSD · GPRS architecture · Interfaces · Channels · Mobility management · DECT · TETRA · UMTS

Unit 3Wireless LAN and Bluetooth

IEEE 802.11 LAN architecture · 802.11a, 802.11b, 802.11g · Protocol architecture · Physical layer · MAC layer · MAC management · HIPERLAN protocol architecture · Access control sublayer · MAC sublayer · Bluetooth user scenarios · Bluetooth physical layer · Bluetooth MAC layer

Unit 4Mobile IP and Ad‑Hoc Networks

Mobile IP · DHCP · Ad‑hoc networks: characteristics · Performance issues in ad‑hoc networks · Routing in mobile host · Wireless sensor network · Mobile transport layer: Indirect TCP, Snooping TCP, Mobile TCP, Timeout freezing, Selective retransmission, Transaction‑oriented TCP · Introduction to WAP

Unit 5Security and Threats

Intruders · Intrusion detection · Password management · Viruses and related threats · Worms · Trojan horse defense · Biometrics and authentication systems · Firewall design principles

Unit 1Introduction to Compiler

analysis of source program · phases and passes · Bootstrapping · lexical analyzers · data structures in compilation – LEX: lexical analyzer generator · Input buffering · Specification and Recognition of tokens · YACC · The syntactic specification of programming languages: Context free grammars · derivation and parse trees · capabilities of CFG

Unit 2Syntax Analysis

working of Parser · Top down parsing · Bottom-up parsing · Operator precedence parsing · predictive parsers · LR parsers (SLR, Canonical LR, LALR) · constructing SLR parsing tables · constructing Canonical LR parsing tables · Constructing LALR parsing tables · using ambiguous grammars · an automatic parser generator

Unit 3Syntax Directed Translation

Definitions · Inherited Attributes · L-attributed definitions · S-attributed definitions · Dependency graph · Construction of syntax trees · Top down translation · postfix notation · bottom up evaluation

Unit 4Intermediate Code Generation

Three address code · quadruple & triples · translation of assignment statements · Boolean expression and control structures · Backpatching · Run Time Memory Management: Static and Dynamic storage allocation · stack based memory allocation schemes · Symbol Table management

Unit 5Code Optimization and Generation

organization of code optimizer · basic blocks and flow graphs · DAG representation of basic blocks · loops in flow graph · peephole optimization · basic block optimization

Unit 1Data Warehousing

Need for data warehousing · Basic elements of data warehousing · Data Mart · Data Warehouse Architecture · Extract and load process · Clean and Transform data · $\text{Star}$, $\text{Snowflake}$ and $\text{Galaxy}$ schemas for multidimensional databases · Fact and dimension data · Partitioning strategy – horizontal and vertical partitioning · Data Warehouse and OLAP technology · Multidimensional data models and different OLAP operations · OLAP server types: ROLAP, MOLAP · Data Warehouse implementation · Efficient computation of data cubes · Processing of OLAP queries · Indexing data

Unit 2Data Mining

Data preprocessing · Data integration and transformation · Data reduction · Discretization and concept‑hierarchy generation · Basics of data mining · Data mining techniques · Knowledge Discovery Process (KDP) · Applications and challenges of data mining

Unit 3Mining Association Rules in Large Databases

Association rule mining · Single‑dimensional Boolean association rules · Multi‑level association rules · Apriori algorithm · FP‑Growth algorithm · Time‑series mining association rules · Latest trends in association‑rule mining

Unit 4Classification and Clustering

Distance measures · Types of clustering algorithms · K‑Means algorithm · Decision tree classification · Bayesian classification · Other classification methods · Prediction · Classifier accuracy · Categorization of methods · Outlier analysis

Unit 5Web Mining and its Types

Introduction to web mining and its types · Spatial mining · Temporal mining · Text mining · Security issues in web mining · Privacy issues in web mining · Ethical issues in web mining

Unit 1Introduction to Embedded Systems

Definition of embedded system · embedded systems vs. general computing systems · history of embedded systems · classification · major application areas · purpose of embedded systems · characteristics and quality attributes of embedded systems · common design metrics · processor technology: general purpose processor · processor technology: application specific processor · processor technology: single purpose processor

Unit 2Embedded System Architecture

Von Neumann vs Harvard architecture · instruction set architecture · CISC and RISC instruction set architecture · basic embedded processor · microcontroller architecture · CISC & RISC examples: 8051 · CISC & RISC examples: ARM · CISC & RISC examples: DSP processors

Unit 3Input Output and Peripheral Devices

Timers and counters · watchdog timers · interrupt controllers · PWM · keyboard controller · analog to digital converters · real time clock · basic terminologies of communication protocols · concepts of communication protocols · serial protocol: I2C · serial protocol: CAN · serial protocol: firewire · serial protocol: USB · parallel protocols: PCI bus · parallel protocols: IrDA · parallel protocols: bluetooth · parallel protocols: IEEE 802.11 · wireless protocols

Unit 4Memory System Architecture

Caches · virtual memory · MMU · address translation · memory and interfacing · memory write ability and storage performance · memory types · composing memory – advanced RAM interfacing · microprocessor interfacing I/O addressing · interrupts · direct memory access · arbitration multilevel bus architecture

Unit 5Embedded System Supporting Technologies

Difference between normal OS and RTOS · scheduling algorithms · Case study: Tiny OS · Case study: VxWorks · Case study: QNX · Overview of VLSI technology · introduction to device drivers · Case study: washing machine · Case study: air-conditioning · Case study: auto focus camera

Unit 1Introduction

Introduction and justification of IPR · Nature of intellectual property · Major forms of IP: copyright, patent, trademarks, designs, geographical indication, layout design of semiconductors, plant varieties · Concept and meaning of intellectual property · Major international documents: Berne Convention, Paris Convention, TRIPS · World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO)

Unit 2Copyright

Historical development and meaning of copyright · Subject matter of copyright · Ownership of copyright · Term of copyright · Rights of owner – economic rights and moral rights · Assignment and licence of rights · Infringement of copyright · Exceptions to infringement · Remedies – civil, criminal, administrative · Registration procedure

Unit 3Patents

Historical development and meaning of patents · Criteria for obtaining patents · Non‑patentable inventions · Procedure for registration · Term of patent · Rights of patentee · Compulsory licence · Revocation · Infringement of patents · Exceptions to infringement · Remedies · Patent office and Appellate Board

Unit 4Trade Marks, Designs & Geographical Indication

Trade Marks – functions of marks · Trade Marks – procedure for registration · Trade Marks – rights of holder · Trade Marks – assignment and licensing of marks · Trade Marks – infringement · Trade Marks – Registry and Appellate Board · Designs – meaning and evolution of design protection · Designs – registration · Designs – term of protection · Designs – rights of holder · Designs – unregistered designs · Geographical Indication – meaning and evolution · Geographical Indication – difference from trade marks · Geographical Indication – registration · Geographical Indication – rights · Geographical Indication – authorized user

Unit 5Contemporary Issues & Enforcement of IPR

IPR and sustainable development · Impact of the Internet on IPR · IPR issues in biotechnology · IPR issues in e‑commerce · Licensing and enforcement of IPR · Case studies in IPR

Unit 1Introduction and Software Development Process

Software problem and prospects · System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) · Waterfall Model · Spiral Model · Unified Process · Agile development · Extreme Programming · Other agile process models

Unit 2Measures, Metrics and Indicators

Metrics in Process and Project Domains · Software Measurement · Metrics of Software Quality · Software reliability · Software estimation techniques · Lines of Code (LOC) and Function Point (FP) estimation · Empirical models such as COCOMO · Project tracking and scheduling · Reverse engineering

Unit 3Software Requirements and Design

Feasibility study · Informal specifications · Formal specifications · Pre/post conditions · Algebraic specification · Requirement analysis models · Specification design tools · Software design objectives and techniques · User interface design · Modularity · Functional decomposition · Data Flow Diagrams (DFD) · Data Dictionary · Object‑oriented design · Design patterns · Implementation strategies (top‑down, bottom‑up)

Unit 4Coding Standards and Testing

Coding standards and guidelines · Programming style · Code sharing · Code review · Rapid prototyping · Specialization · Construction techniques · Class extensions · Intelligent software agents · Reuse performance improvement · Debugging · Software testing strategies · Verification and validation · Test plan development · White‑box testing · Black‑box testing · Unit testing · Integration testing · System testing · Test case design · Acceptance testing · Maintenance activities

Unit 5Software Maintenance and Project Management

Software supportability · Reengineering · Business Process Reengineering · Reverse engineering · Restructuring · Forward engineering · Economics of reengineering · Project scheduling and tracking plan · Project management plan · Software Quality Assurance (SQA) and quality planning · Software Configuration Management (SCM) activities · Capability Maturity Model (CMM) · Software project management standards · Component‑based software engineering

Unit 1Overview of Wireless Sensor Networks

Network Characteristics · Network Applications · Network Design Objectives · Network Design Challenges · Technological Background: $\text{MEMS}$ Technology · Wireless Communication Technology · Hardware and Software Platforms · Wireless Sensor Network Standards · Introduction · Network Architectures for Wireless Sensor Networks · Classifications of Wireless Sensor Networks · Protocol Stack for Wireless Sensor Networks

Unit 2Fundamental MAC and Routing Protocols

Fundamental MAC Protocols · MAC Design for Wireless Sensor Networks · MAC Protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks: Contention-Based Protocols · Contention-Free Protocols · Hybrid Protocols · Introduction, Fundamentals and Challenges · Taxonomy of Routing and Data Dissemination Protocols · Overview of Routing and Data Dissemination Protocols: Location‑Aided Protocols · Layered and In‑Network Processing‑Based Protocols · Data‑Centric Protocols · Multipath‑Based Protocols · Mobility‑Based Protocols · QoS‑Based Protocols · Heterogeneity‑Based Protocols

Unit 3Query Processing, Data Aggregation and Localization

Introduction · Query Processing in Wireless Sensor Networks · Data Aggregation in Wireless Sensor Networks · Node Localization: Concepts and Challenges of Node Localization Technologies · Ranging Techniques for Wireless Sensor Networks · Wireless Localization Algorithms · Wireless Sensor Node Localization

Unit 4Energy Efficiency and Power Control

Need for Energy Efficiency and Power Control in Wireless Sensor Networks · Passive Power Conservation Mechanisms: Physical‑Layer Power Conservation Mechanisms · MAC Layer Power Conservation Mechanisms · Higher Layer Power Conservation Mechanisms · Active Power Conservation Mechanisms: MAC Layer Mechanisms · Network Layer Mechanisms · Transport Layer Mechanisms

Unit 5Network Security

Fundamentals of Network Security · Challenges of Security in Wireless Sensor Networks · Security Attacks in Sensor Networks · Protocols and Mechanisms for Security · $\text{IEEE }802.15.4$ and ZigBee Security

Unit 1Python –Overview

Introduction · History · Features

Unit 2Python –Environment Setup

Local Environment Setup · Getting Python · Installation of Python · Use of IDE

Unit 3Python –Basic Syntax

Python Identifiers · Reserved Words · Lines & Indentation · Multiline Statements · Quotation in Python · Comments & other useful constructs

Unit 4Python –Variables

Assigning Values to Variables · Multiple Assignment · Standard Data Types

Unit 5Python Numbers

Python Strings · Python Lists · Python Tuples · Dictionary · DataType Conversion

Unit 6Python –Basic Operators

Types of Operators · Arithmetic Operators · Comparison Operators · Assignment Operators · Bitwise Operators · Logical Operators · Operator Precedence

Unit 7Python –Decision Making & Loops

Flowchart · If statement Syntax

Unit 8Python-Functions

Syntax for defining a function · Calling a Function · Function Arguments · Anonymous Functions

Unit 9Python-Applications & Further Extensions

Unit 1Introduction to Android

Background of mobile technologies · Overview of the Android platform · Android as an open platform for mobile development · Open Handset Alliance and its role · Android internals – hardware and software layers on which Android runs · Motivations for using Android for mobile application development

Unit 2Developing for Android

Creating the first Android application · Setting up the Android development environment · Android SDK (Software Development Kit) components · Using Eclipse as the IDE for Android development · Emulators and Android Virtual Devices (AVD) – concepts and usage · Creating and configuring custom Android emulators · Android project structure and framework

Unit 3Android Activities and UI Design

Concept of Intent and its usage · Activity lifecycle and the Android manifest file · Creating applications with multiple Activities · Expressions and flow‑control within Activities · Simple UI layouts and layout properties · Fundamental Android UI design principles · Different layout types (LinearLayout, RelativeLayout, etc.) · Creating custom layouts · Drawable resources and their management · Resolution and density independence (px, dip, dp, sp, sip) · XML definition of GUI elements such as PushButton, Text/Label, EditText, ToggleButton · Layout attributes: weightSum, padding, layout_weight