IT 5th Semester Syllabus

Unit 1Unit I

Introduction to Operating Systems · Evaluation of OS · Types of Operating Systems · System protection · Operating system services · Operating system structure · System calls and system boots · Operating system design and implementation · Spooling and buffering

Unit 2Unit II

Basic concepts of CPU scheduling · Scheduling criteria · Scheduling algorithms · Algorithm evaluation · Multiple processor scheduling · Process concept · Operations on processes · Threads · Inter‑process communication · Precedence graphs · Critical section problem · Semaphores · Classical problems of synchronization

Unit 3Unit III

Deadlock problem · Deadlock characterization · Deadlock prevention · Deadlock avoidance · Deadlock detection · Recovery from deadlock · Methods for deadlock handling · Concepts of memory management · Logical and physical address space · Swapping · Fixed and dynamic partitions · Best‑Fit allocation · First‑Fit allocation · Worst‑Fit allocation · Paging · Segmentation · Paging combined with segmentation

Unit 4Unit IV

Concepts of virtual memory · Cache memory organization · Demand paging · Page replacement algorithms · Allocation of frames · Thrashing · Demand segmentation · Role of operating system in security · Security breaches · System protection · Password management

Unit 5Unit V

Disk scheduling · File concepts · File manager · File organization · Access methods · Allocation methods · Free space management · Directory systems · File protection · File organization & access mechanism · File sharing implementation issues · File management in Linux · Introduction to distributed systems

Unit 1Unit I

Importance of computer networks · Broadcast and point to point networks · Local area networks and Wide area networks · ISO-OSI reference model · TCP/IP model · Interfaces and services · Protocol data unit · Connection oriented services · Connectionless services · Service primitives · Binding Protocol Address - ARP & RARP · Packet format · Encapsulation

Unit 2Unit II

Data link layer design issues · Framing · Flow & error control · Physical addressing · Stop & Wait protocol · Go back N ARQ · Selective repeat ARQ · Piggybacking and pipelining · HDLC LAN Protocol stack - Logical link control and Media Access Control sublayer · IEEE 802.2 LLC Frame format · MAC layer protocols - static and dynamic allocation · Pure and slotted ALOHA · Carrier sense multiple access · Persistent CSMA · Non‑persistent CSMA · IEEE 802.3 · IEEE 802.4 · IEEE 802.5 · FDDI

Unit 3Unit III

Logical addressing · Classful addressing · Classless addressing · Packet delivery & forwarding · Unicast routing protocols · Multicast routing protocols · Routing algorithm - Least Cost · Dijkstra's algorithm · Bellman‑Ford algorithm · Introduction to Internet protocol · IPv4 header · IPv4 datagrams · Encapsulation · Fragmentation and reassembly · IP routing · Subnet addressing · Subnet mask · Supernetting (special case of IP addresses) · IPv6 motivation · IPv6 frame format and addressing · ICMP introduction · ICMP header · ICMP message types

Unit 4Unit IV

TCP introduction · Transport services · Process‑to‑process delivery · TCP congestion control algorithms · Quality of service · TCP headers · Connection establishment and termination · Timeout of connection establishment · Maximum segment size · Port numbers and socket addresses · TCP timers · UDP introduction · UDP header · UDP checksum · UDP operations · Encapsulation & decapsulation · Queuing · SCTP services · SCTP transmission sequence number · SCTP stream identifier · SCTP stream sequence number · SCTP packet format

Unit 5Unit V

BOOTP operation · BOOTP packet format · DHCP address allocation · DHCP configuration · DHCP packet format · DNS distribution of name spaces · DNS in the Internet · FTP connection · FTP communication · FTP command processing · TFTP · E‑Mail SMTP · E‑Mail POP · E‑Mail IMAP · SNMP · Study of internetworking devices and their configuration – switches · Hubs · Bridges · Routers · Gateways

Unit 1Finite State Automata

Introduction to the theory of computation · Description of finite automata · Properties of transition functions · Transition graph design · Designing finite automata (FSM) · Deterministic Finite Automaton (DFA) · Nondeterministic Finite Automaton (NFA) · Two‑way finite automata · Equivalence of NFA and DFA · Mealy machines · Moore machines

Unit 2Regular Languages and Expressions

Regular grammars · Regular expressions · Regular sets · Closure properties of regular grammars · Arden’s theorem · Myhill‑Nerode theorem · Pumping lemma for regular languages · Applications of the pumping lemma · Applications of finite automata · Minimization of finite state automata

Unit 3Context‑Free Grammars

Introduction to context‑free grammar (CFG) · Derivation (parse) trees · Ambiguity in CFGs · Simplification of CFGs · Chomsky Normal Form (CNF) · Greibach Normal Form (GNF) · Pumping lemma for context‑free languages · Decision algorithms for CFGs · Designing CFGs · Closure properties of CFLs

Unit 4Pushdown Automata

Introduction to pushdown automata (PDA) · Formal definition of PDA · Closure properties of PDA · Examples of PDA · Deterministic pushdown automata (DPDA) · Nondeterministic pushdown automata (NPDA) · Conversion from PDA to CFG · Conversion from CFG to PDA

Unit 5Turing Machines and Complexity

Basics and formal definition of Turing machines (TM) · Language acceptability by TM · Examples of Turing machines · Multitape Turing machines · Nondeterministic Turing machines (NDTM) · Universal Turing machine · Offline Turing machines · Equivalence of single‑tape and multitape TMs · Recursive and recursively enumerable languages · Decidable and undecidable problems · Halting problem and reducibility · Complexity classes: P, NP, NP‑complete, NP‑hard

Unit 1Evolution of microprocessor and architecture

Evolution of microprocessor · Single chip microcomputers · Microprocessor applications · Microprocessor architecture · Addressing modes · Instruction sets · Arithmetic and logic instructions · Program control instructions · Introduction to 8086 family · Procedures and macros · Timing and troubleshooting interrupts · 80286, 8086, 80486 microprocessor system concepts

Unit 2Microprocessor cycle, instruction set and assembly programming

Microprocessor cycle · Address and instruction unit (AIU) · Timing and control unit · Register data · Address bus and pin configuration · Intel 8086 instruction set, opcode and operands · Limitations of word size · Assembly language programming · Pentium and Pentium Pro features · Pentium II, III, IV microprocessors and software changes · Intel 8086 instruction set details · Instruction formats and data formats · Addressing modes and status flags · Symbols and abbreviations in assembly · High-level language aspects · Application areas of various languages · Stacks and subroutine systems · Software commands in assembly language · Software development and debugging · Modular and structured programming · Top‑down and bottom‑up design · Macro microprogramming

Unit 3Assembly language programming and I/O interfacing

Assembly language programming examples (addition of 8/16‑bit binary numbers) · Subtraction of 8/16‑bit binary numbers · Address partitioning and addressing modes · Memory and I/O interfacing · Data transfer schemes · Interfacing devices and I/O ports · Basic I/O interfacing modules (MDS) · Microcontrollers and I/O processors · Co‑processors · Microcomputer development systems · Single chip microcomputers (Intel 8748, 8051, 8096, 8049, 2920/2921) · I/O processors (UPI‑425, UPI‑41, UPI‑42) · Math co‑processors (8087, 80287, 80387, 80387DX, 803875x)

Unit 4Bus interfaces, controllers and peripheral buses

Bus interface and I/O port addressing · Decoding using 8279 · Programmable keyboard/display interface · 8254 internal timer · 16550 programmable communication interface · A/D converters · 8259A programmable interrupt controller · 8237 DMA controller · Shared bus operation and disk memory system · Video display interfaces · ISA, EISA, and VESA local buses · PCI bus · Parallel printer interface (LPT) · USB and AGP interfaces · Programmable communication interface 8251 · VSART CRT controller 8275, 6854 · Floppy disk controller 8272 · I/O processor 8089

Unit 5Memory technologies and organization

Memory units: RAM, SRAM, DRAM, ROM, PROM, EPROM, EEPROM, non‑volatile RAM · Semiconductor technology for memory · Shift registers and magnetic memory · Tapes, disks, main and secondary memory · Cache memory, program memory, data memory · Real and virtual memory · Memory buses and addressing · CPU processing speed

Unit 1Introduction

Overview of object‑oriented concepts · Object orientation · Object‑oriented software development life‑cycle (OO SDLC) · Object‑oriented methodology · OO themes · Modeling concepts · Role of analysis and design in software development · Overview of various OOAD methodologies · OO approach versus conventional approach · Unified process of software development · Unified Modeling Language (UML) · Goals of UML · Overview of different UML models

Unit 2Static Modeling using Class Diagrams

Object and class concepts · Link and association · Multiplicity · Ternary association · Recursive association · Association class · Generalization and inheritance · Multiple inheritance · Aggregation and composition · Abstract class · Packages

Unit 3Dynamic Modeling using State Diagrams

Events · States · Transitions and conditions · Types of state diagrams · Continuous life‑cycle state diagrams · One‑shot life‑cycle state diagrams · Sub‑states · Nested state diagrams · Signal generalization · Concurrency · Junction state · Synchronization state · Relation of class and state models

Unit 4Interaction Modeling

Use‑case models · Actors and use cases · Use‑case relationships · Use of use cases for validation and verification · Sequence diagrams · Procedural sequence models · Activity models · Swim‑lanes · Dynamic concurrency · Decomposing an activity · Communication diagrams · Architectural modeling: component diagrams · Architectural modeling: deployment diagrams

Unit 5System Design and Implementation

System design and class design · Implementation modeling · Implementing structure and functionality · Frameworks · Design patterns · Object‑oriented languages and their comparison · Object‑oriented databases · Object‑oriented programming style · Common Object Request Broker Architecture (CORBA) · Component Object Model (COM) · Distributed COM (DCOM)

Unit 1Introduction and Search Techniques

Meaning and definition of artificial intelligence · Production systems · Characteristics of production systems · Breadth‑first search (BFS) · Depth‑first search (DFS) · Hill‑climbing search · Best‑first search · A* algorithm · AO* algorithm · Various control strategies for production systems

Unit 2Knowledge Representation

Knowledge representation · Problems in representing knowledge · Propositional logic · Predicate logic · Comparison of propositional and predicate logic · Resolution · Refutation · Deduction · Theorem proving · Inferencing · Monotonic reasoning · Non‑monotonic reasoning

Unit 3Probabilistic Reasoning and Fuzzy Logic

Probabilistic reasoning · Bayes' theorem · Semantic networks · Scripts · Schemas · Frames · Conceptual dependency · Fuzzy logic · Forward reasoning · Backward reasoning

Unit 4Game Playing, Planning and Natural Language Processing

Game‑playing techniques · Minimax procedure · Alpha‑beta pruning · Planning · Block‑world problem in robotics · Introduction to natural language processing

Unit 5Learning and Neural Networks

Introduction to learning · Various learning techniques · Introduction to neural networks · Applications of neural networks · Common‑sense reasoning · Examples of expert systems

Unit 1Introduction

Definition of Electronic Commerce · Brief history of Ecommerce · E‑Commerce: technology and prospects · Incentives for engaging in electronic commerce · Needs of E‑Commerce · Advantages and disadvantages · Inter‑Organizational E‑Commerce · Intra‑Organizational E‑Commerce · Consumer to Business Electronic Commerce · Architectural framework · Impact of E‑commerce on business · E‑Commerce Models

Unit 2Network Infrastructure for E‑Commerce

Internet and Intranet based E‑commerce – Issues, problems and prospects · Network Infrastructure · Network Access Equipments · Broadband telecommunication (ATM, ISDN, FRAME RELAY) · Mobile Commerce – Introduction · Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) technology · Mobile Information device · Emerging client‑server security threats · Firewalls & network security

Unit 3E‑Marketplaces, e Procurement and e Payment Systems

Definition of e‑Marketplace and description of its functions · Types of e‑Marketplaces and their features · Various types of auctions and their characteristics · Benefits, limitations and impacts of auctions · E‑Commerce in the wireless environment · Competition in the digital economy and impact on industry · Integration and e‑Business suites – ERP, eSCM, CRM · e‑Procurement definition, processes, methods and benefits · e‑Payment systems · Categories and users of smart cards · Payment methods in B2B e‑Commerce

Unit 4Electronic Payment System

Overview of electronic payments · SET protocol · Payment gateway · Digital token‑based electronic payment system · Magnetic strip cards · E‑Checks · Smart cards · Credit cards · Debit‑card based EPS · Emerging financial instruments · Home banking · Online banking

Unit 5e‑Government

Definition of e‑Governments · Theoretical background of e‑governance · Issues in e‑governance applications · Evolution of e‑governance · Implementation of e‑government services · Challenges and opportunities · Benefits of e‑government · e‑governance models – broadcasting, critical flow, comparative analysis, mobilization and lobbying · Interactive services / G2C2G

Unit 1Java Environment and Core OOP Concepts

$\texttt{JDK}$ and $\texttt{JVM}$ overview · Java programming environment (compiler, interpreter, applet viewer, debugger) · Java Application Programming Interface ($\texttt{API}$) · Difference between application and applet · Object‑oriented concepts: objects, classes, encapsulation, inheritance, software reuse, polymorphism · Abstract classes and abstract methods · Defining and implementing interfaces; interface variables; extending interfaces · Packages, scope and lifetime of identifiers · Access specifiers · Constructors and copy constructors · The \texttt{this} reference · The \texttt{finalize}() method · Arrays · Memory allocation and garbage collection

Unit 2AWT, Event Handling, Applets and Swing

Abstract Window Toolkit (AWT) containers and components · AWT class hierarchy · Window fundamentals: Component, Container, Panel, Window, Frame, Canvas · AWT controls and layout managers · Menus and common controls (Label, Button, Check Box, Radio Button, Choice, TextArea, ScrollList, ScrollBar) · Layout managers: FlowLayout, GridLayout, BorderLayout, CardLayout · Java Event Handling Model: event delegation, ignoring, self‑contained, delegating events · Event class hierarchy and adapter classes · Key event classes: ActionEvent, AdjustmentEvent, ContainerEvent, FocusEvent, ItemEvent, MouseEvent, TextEvent, WindowEvent · Applet security restrictions, class hierarchy, lifecycle, HTML tags · Introduction to Swing: Swing library and building Swing applications

Unit 3Multithreading and Exception Handling

Multithreading fundamentals: simple threads and multi‑threaded programming · Thread synchronization: locks, synchronized methods, synchronized blocks · Thread scheduling policies · Producer‑consumer relationship · Daemon threads · Exception handling overview: stack‑based execution and propagation · Exception types and hierarchy · Try‑catch‑finally construct · Throw statement and custom exceptions · Assertions

Unit 4Input/Output and JDBC

Java I/O overview: directories and stream classes · Byte streams: InputStream, OutputStream, FileInputStream, FileOutputStream, PrintStream, RandomAccessFile · Character streams: BufferedReader, BufferedWriter, PrintWriter · Object serialization and deserialization · JDBC fundamentals: JDBC‑ODBC bridge, connectivity model, DriverManager · ResultSet navigation and metadata · java.sql package and JDBC exception classes · Connecting to a remote database

Unit 5Java Networking and RMI

Java networking basics: java.net package, sockets, client‑server model, reserved sockets, servers, Internet addressing, TCP sockets, UDP sockets · Remote Method Invocation (RMI): client/server architecture, RMI registry services, steps to create an RMI application and example

Unit 1Java Database Connectivity (JDBC)

JDBC Product · Types of Drivers · Two-Tier Client/Server Model · Three-Tier Client/Server Model · Basic Steps of JDBC · Creating and Executing SQL Statement · The Result Set Object · Working with Database MetaData Interface

Unit 2Java Servlets

Servlet Interaction & Advanced Servlets · Life cycle of Servlet · Java Servlet Development Kit · javax.servlet package · Reading Servlet Parameters · Reading Initialization Parameters · javax.servlet.http Package · Handling HTTP

Unit 3JavaServer Pages (JSP) and Remote Method Invocation (RMI)

JSP Technologies · Understanding the Client-Server Model · Understanding Web server software · Configuring the JSP Server · Handling JSP Errors · JSP Translation Time Errors · JSP Request Time Errors · Creating a JSP Error Page · RMI Architecture · Designing RMI application · Executing RMI application

Unit 4Enterprise Java Beans (EJB)

Types of Enterprise Java beans · Session Bean & Entity Bean · Features of Session Bean · Life-cycle of Stateful Session Bean · Features of Entity Bean · Life-cycle of Entity Bean · Container-managed Transactions & Bean-managed Transactions · Implementing a container-managed Entity Bean

Unit 5Struts Framework

Introduction to the Apache Struts · MVC Architecture · Struts Architecture · How Struts Works? · Introduction to the Struts Controller · Introduction to the Struts Action Class · Using Struts ActionForm Class · Using Struts HTML Tags · Introduction to Struts Validator Framework · Client Side Address Validation in Struts · Custom Validators Example · Developing Application with Struts Tiles