Cyber Security 4th Semester Syllabus

Unit 1Direct sum of a vector space, Dual Spaces

Direct sum of a vector space · Dual Spaces · Annihilator of a subspace · Quotient Spaces · Algebra of Linear transformations

Unit 2Characteristic values and characteristic polynomials, diagonalizable transformations, annihilating polynomials, Cayley‑Hamilton theorem, invariant subspaces and triangular form, simultaneous triangularization and diagonalization, direct sum decompositions, invariant direct sums, primary decomposition theorem

Characteristic values and characteristic polynomials · Diagonalizable transformations · Annihilating polynomials · Cayley‑Hamilton theorem · Invariant subspaces and triangular form · Simultaneous triangularization and diagonalization · Direct sum decompositions · Invariant direct sums · Primary decomposition theorem

Unit 3Adjoint of a linear transformation, Inner product spaces, Eigenvalues and eigenvectors, Diagonalization, Invariant subspaces, Unitary and normal transformations, Spectral Theorem, Jordan canonical form

Adjoint of a linear transformation · Inner product spaces · Eigenvalues and eigenvectors of a linear transformation · Diagonalization · Invariant subspaces · Unitary and normal transformations · Spectral Theorem · Jordan canonical form

Unit 4Canonical forms, Similarity of linear transformations, Reduction to triangular forms, Nilpotent transformations, Primary decomposition theorem, Jordan blocks and Jordan forms, Invariants of linear transformations

Canonical forms · Similarity of linear transformations · Reduction to triangular forms · Nilpotent transformations · Primary decomposition theorem · Jordan blocks and Jordan forms · Invariants of linear transformations

Unit 5Hermitian, Self adjoint, Unitary and normal linear transformation, Symmetric bilinear forms, Skew symmetric bilinear forms, Group preserving bilinear forms

Hermitian linear transformations · Self‑adjoint linear transformations · Unitary and normal linear transformations · Symmetric bilinear forms · Skew‑symmetric bilinear forms · Group‑preserving bilinear forms

Unit 6Unit 3

Inner product spaces · adjoints · unitary and normal transformations · spectral Theorem · Jordan canonical form

Unit 1Unit 1

Introduction of Cyber Crime · Challenges of cyber crime · E‑Mail Spoofing · Spamming · Internet Time Theft · Salami attack/Salami Technique

Unit 2Unit 2

Web jacking · Online Frauds · Software Piracy · Computer Network Intrusions · Password Sniffing · Identity Theft · Cyber terrorism · Virtual Crime · Perception of cyber criminals (hackers, insurgents and extremist groups) · Web server hacking · Session hijacking

Unit 3Unit 3

Concept of Cyber Crime and the IT Act, 2000 · Hacking · Teenage Web Vandals · Cyber Fraud and Cheating · Defamation · Harassment and E‑mail Abuse · Other IT Act Offences · Monetary Penalties · Jurisdiction and Cyber Crimes · Nature of Criminality · Strategies to tackle Cyber Crime · Trends

Unit 4Unit 4

Status of Electronic Records as Evidence under Indian Evidence Act, 1872 and IT Act, 2000 · Proof and Management of Electronic Records · Relevancy, Admissibility and Probative Value of E‑Evidence · Proving Digital Signatures · Proof of Electronic Agreements · Proving Electronic Messages

Unit 5Unit 5

Proxy Servers and Anonymizers · Password Cracking · Key Loggers and Spyware · Viruses and Worms · Trojan Horses · Backdoors · DoS and DDoS Attacks · Buffer Overflow · Attack on Wireless Networks · Phishing (methods and techniques)

Unit 1Introduction to computer networks and OSI model

Fundamentals of computer networks and their uses · Network topologies · ISO‑OSI layered architecture and peer‑to‑peer processes · Encapsulation and functions/services of OSI layers · Physical layer: digital signals, transmission impairments, maximum data rate · Shannon's theorem and Nyquist theorem · Transmission media – guided and unguided · Circuit, packet and message switching, virtual circuit concept · Introduction to ISDN and its components

Unit 2Data link layer protocols and medium access

Design issues and functions of the data link layer · Error detection and correction techniques · Forward error correction versus retransmission · Hamming code and CRC codes · Framing methods – fixed‑size, variable‑size, bit stuffing, byte stuffing · Data link protocols – Stop‑and‑Wait, Sliding window, PPP, SLIP, HDLC · Medium access sublayer – static and dynamic channel allocation · ALOHA protocol · CSMA/CD and CSMA/CA · Collision‑free protocols – bitmap

Unit 3LAN standards, devices and network layer basics

IEEE 802 LAN standards – 802.3, 802.4, 802.5 · LAN devices – hubs, switches (learning, cut‑through, store‑and‑forward) · Bridges and spanning‑tree protocol · Remote bridges and inter‑bridge communication · Internetworking devices – routers and gateways · Network layer design issues and functions · Virtual‑circuit and datagram organization

Unit 4Routing algorithms and TCP/IP fundamentals

Routing algorithms – shortest‑path, flooding, link‑state (LSR), distance‑vector, hierarchical routing · TCP/IP protocol suite architecture · Classful IP addressing · ARP and RARP mechanisms · IP datagrams with options and delivery process · ICMP functions

Unit 5Subnetting, transport and application layer services

Subnetting, supernetting and CIDR · Transport‑layer congestion control, load shedding and jitter control · Transport‑layer addressing and multiplexing · Connection establishment, release and flow control · Application‑layer services – DNS and electronic mail

Unit 1Introduction to Operating Systems

Function and evolution of operating systems · Desirable characteristics and features of an OS · Operating system services · Types of services · Utility programs · System calls

Unit 2Process Management and Inter‑Process Communication

Concept of a process · Process state diagram · Process‑based kernel and dual‑mode execution · CPU scheduling algorithms and deterministic modeling · System calls for process management · User‑level and kernel‑level threads · Process management in UNIX and Windows · Real and virtual concurrency · Mutual exclusion and synchronization · Critical‑section problem and semaphores · Deadlock problems, characterization, prevention, avoidance, recovery · Inter‑process communication in UNIX and Windows

Unit 3Memory Management

Partitioning, swapping, segmentation, paging, and paged segmentation · Comparison of memory‑management techniques · Overlay, dynamic linking and loading · Virtual memory: concept and demand‑paging implementation · Memory management in UNIX and Windows

Unit 4File Systems Management

File concept and user vs system‑programmer view · Disk and tape organization · Modules of a file system · Disk‑space allocation methods: contiguous, linked, indexed · Directory structures · File protection · System calls for file management · Disk scheduling algorithms · File systems in UNIX and Windows

Unit 5Input/Output Management

Principles and programming of I/O · I/O problems and types of I/O operations (program‑controlled, interrupt‑driven, concurrent, asynchronous) · Logical structure of I/O functions · I/O buffering · Kernel I/O subsystem · Introduction to network, distributed and multiprocessor operating systems · I/O management in UNIX and Windows

Unit 1Basic Concepts of Data and DBMS

Basic concepts of data and DBMS · File organization and access methods · Introduction to DBMS and differences with traditional file storage systems · Characteristics of DBMS · Data models, schemas, and instances · DBMS architecture and components · Data independence · Entity‑Relationship (ER) model concepts · Types of attributes · Entity types and relationships · Cardinalities, participation, roles, and constraints

Unit 2Relational Data Model and SQL

Relational data model: domains, tuples, attributes, relations · Keys and key types · Integrity constraints · Relational algebra operations: select, project, rename, join, union, intersection, difference, division, product · Basic SQL queries and functions · SQL constraints, joins, and nested queries · Triggers, assertions, views, stored procedures · PL/SQL

Unit 3Normalization Theory and Database Methodologies

Normalization theory and database design methodologies · Relation schemas and functional dependencies · Axioms and inference rules for functional dependencies · Normal forms: 1NF, 2NF, 3NF, BCNF · Dependency preservation · Lossless‑join decomposition

Unit 4Transaction Processing and Concurrency Control

Transaction processing concepts and transaction states · ACID properties · Concurrency and recovery fundamentals · Schedules, recoverability, and serializability · Types of serializability and testing methods · Concurrency control mechanisms: two‑phase locking, timestamp‑based control · Deadlock management: avoidance, prevention, detection, resolution · Recovery techniques: deferred update, immediate update, shadow paging, checkpoints

Unit 5Storage Structures and Query Optimization

Storage structures and secondary storage devices · Hashing and indexing structures: single‑level and multi‑level indices · Query processing and optimization algorithms for select, project, join · Complexity measures of query operations · Case study of a contemporary DBMS

Unit 1Review of python

Basic of python · Program structure · Data Types · Operators · control flow · function · module and package · classes and objects

Unit 2Socket Programming

Client-side programming using python: TCP and UDP based clients and servers · High-level library modules for standard Internet and web-related services (HTTP, FTP, XML-RPC, etc.) · urllib2 module for interacting with web servers

Unit 3Internet Data Handling

Processing common Internet data formats such as HTML, XML, and JSON · ElementTree interface for parsing XML

Unit 4Web Programming

Basics of web programming in Python · CGI scripting · WSGI interface · Implementing custom HTTP servers

Unit 5Advanced Networking

Writing custom TCP/UDP servers · Concurrency · SSL · Introduction to message passing

Unit 6Thread Programming

Overview of concurrent programming with threads and advanced Python programming idioms · threading library · Thread debugging · Thread synchronization · Threads and queues · Python interpreter execution model and the GIL · logging module · Context managers

Unit 7Message Passing and Data Serialization

Interprocess communication, message passing, and data serialization · pickle and ctypes · Multiprocessing: process objects, pipes, queues, shared memory objects, and process pools

Unit 8Distributed Computing

Core programming concepts such as actors, client/server computing, REST, remote procedure call, and distributed objects · XML-RPC · Use of multiprocessing library to implement distributed objects

Unit 9Advanced I/O handling

Blocking I/O · Nonblocking I/O · Polling · Signal-driven I/O · Asynchronous I/O

Unit 10Generators and Coroutines

Using generators and coroutines to implement cooperative multitasking · tasklets · greenlets · coroutines