CE 7th Semester Syllabus

1. Unit 1INTRODUCTION, INDEX PROPERTIES AND CLASSIFICATION OF SOILS

   Definition and scope of soil mechanics · Origin of soil · Formation of soil · Clay minerals · Soil structure · Three‑phase soil system · Basic terminology and their relations · Water content (index property) · Field density (index property) · Specific gravity (index property) · Grain size distribution by sieve analysis · Grain size distribution by hydrometer analysis · Relative density · Atterberg limits and their determination · Flow Index (index property) · Plasticity Index (index property) · Toughness Index (index property) · Liquidity Index (index property) · Activity Ratio (index property) · Particle‑size based soil classification systems · Textural classification systems · Unified Soil Classification System (USCS) · HRB classification system · IS classification system · Field identification of soils

2. Unit 2PERMEABILITY, EFFECTIVE STRESS AND SEEPAGE THROUGH SOILS

   Types of soil water · Capillarity in soils · Flow of water through soils · Darcy’s law · Permeability of soils · Factors affecting permeability · Laboratory tests for coefficient of permeability · Field tests for coefficient of permeability · Permeability of layered soils · Seepage pressure · Total stress · Neutral stress · Effective stress · Upward seepage through soils · Downward seepage through soils · Characteristics of flow nets · Construction methods for flow nets · Application of flow nets · Quick condition in seepage · Laplace equation for two‑dimensional flow · Seepage through anisotropic soils · Seepage through non‑homogeneous soils · Seepage through earth dams

3. Unit 3STRESS DISTRIBUTION IN SOILS AND COMPACTION

   Boussinesq’s theory for point load · Westergaard’s theory for point load · Uniformly loaded circular areas · Uniformly loaded rectangular areas · Pressure bulb concept · Variation of vertical stress under point load (vertical plane) · Variation of vertical stress under point load (horizontal plane) · Newmark’s influence chart for irregular areas · Contact pressure distribution in sands · Contact pressure distribution in clays · Importance of compaction mechanisms · Standard Proctor compaction test · Modified compaction test · Factors affecting compaction · Effects of compaction on soil properties · Field compaction equipment · Compaction quality control

4. Unit 4CONSOLIDATION

   Types of compressibility · Spring analogy for consolidation · Immediate settlement · Primary consolidation · Secondary consolidation · Stress history of clays · e‑p curves · e‑log p curves · Normally consolidated soils · Over‑consolidated soils · Under‑consolidated soils · Pre‑consolidation pressure and its determination · Consolidation test procedures · Terzaghi’s one‑dimensional consolidation theory · Coefficient of consolidation · Square‑root of time method for settlement analysis · Logarithm of time method for settlement analysis · Computation of total settlement

5. Unit 5SHEAR STRENGTH & STABILIZATION OF SOILS

   Definition and importance of shear strength · Mohr’s failure theory · Coulomb’s failure theory · Mohr’s stress circles · Direct shear test · Unconfined compression test · Triaxial compression test · Vane shear test · Shear tests under drained conditions · Shear tests under undrained conditions · Measurement of pore water pressure · Pore pressure parameters · Strength envelopes for soils · Shear strength of sands · Critical void ratio · Liquefaction potential · Shear strength of clays · Factors affecting shear strength of granular soils · Factors affecting shear strength of cohesive soils · Mechanical stabilization of soils · Cement stabilization · Lime stabilization · Bituminous stabilization · Chemical stabilization · Thermal stabilization · Electrical stabilization · Stabilization by grouting · Use of geo‑synthetic materials · Types, functions and applications of geo‑synthetics · Reinforced earth structures – components and construction

1. Unit 1Introduction – Theory and Behaviour

   Basic concepts · Advantages · Materials required · Systems and methods of prestressing · Analysis of sections · Stress concept · Strength concept · Load balancing concept · Effect of loading on the tensile stresses in tendons · Effect of tendon profile on deflections · Factors influencing deflections · Calculation of deflections · Short term and long term deflections · Losses of prestress · Estimation of crack width

2. Unit 2Design for Flexure and Shear

   Basic assumptions for calculating flexural stresses · Permissible stresses in steel and concrete as per I.S.1343 Code · Design of sections of Type I and Type II post‑tensioned and pre‑tensioned beams · Check for strength limit based on I.S.1343 Code · Layout of cables in post‑tensioned beams · Location of wires in pre‑tensioned beams · Design for shear based on I.S.1343 Code

3. Unit 3Deflection and Design of Anchorage Zone

   Factors influencing deflections · Short term deflections of uncracked members · Prediction of long term deflections due to creep and shrinkage · Check for serviceability limit state of deflection · Determination of anchorage zone stresses in post‑tensioned beams by Magnel’s method, Guyon’s method and IS1343 code · Design of anchorage zone reinforcement · Check for transfer bond length in pre‑tensioned beams

4. Unit 4Composite and Continuous Beams and Slabs

   Analysis and design of composite beams · Methods of achieving continuity in continuous beams · One‑way and two‑way slabs, flat slab · Analysis for secondary moments · Concordant cable and linear transformation · Calculation of stresses · Principles of design

5. Unit 5Miscellaneous Structures

   Design of tension and compression members · Tanks, pipes, sleepers and poles · Partial prestressing – definition, methods of achieving partial prestressing, merits and demerits of partial prestressing

1. Unit 1Unit operations for waste‑water treatment

   Theory and design of preliminary treatment such as screens, grit chamber, sedimentation and chemical clarification · Role of micro‑organisms in biological treatment

2. Unit 2Biological Treatment of waste‑water

   Methods of Biological Treatment (Theory & Design) – Trickling Filter · Activated Sludge process (ASP) · Oxidation ditch · Septic tank & Imhoff tank · Theory of sludge

3. Unit 3Advanced Waste‑water treatment

   Diatomaceous earth filters · Ultrafiltration · Adsorption by activated carbon · Phosphorus removal · Nitrogen removal

4. Unit 4Introduction of Air pollution

   Definition, sources, classification and characterization of air pollutants · Effects of air pollution on health, vegetation & materials · Photochemical smog

5. Unit 5Air pollution chemistry

   Meteorological aspects of air pollution dispersion; temperature lapse rate and stability · Wind velocity and turbulence; plume behaviour · Dispersion of air pollutants; the Gaussian Plume Model

1. Unit 1Undamped Single Degree of Freedom System

   Degree of freedom · Undamped system · Force–displacement relation · Damping force · Equation of motion · Mass–spring–damper system · D’Alembert’s principle · Solution of the differential equation of motion · Frequency (\(\omega\)) · Period · Amplitude of motion

2. Unit 2Damped Single Degree of Freedom System

   Viscous damping · Equation of motion for damped systems · Critically damped systems · Over‑damped and under‑damped systems · Logarithmic decrement

3. Unit 3Response to Harmonic and Periodic Vibrations

   Harmonic vibration of undamped and viscously damped systems · Natural frequency and damping ratio · Force transmission and vibration isolation · Fourier series representation of periodic forces · Response to periodic excitation

4. Unit 4Response to Arbitrary, Step, and Pulse Excitation

   Response to unit impulse (Dirac delta) · Response to arbitrary force functions · Duhamel’s integral for transient response · Step force response · Rectangular pulse force response · Half‑cycle sinusoidal pulse force response · Triangular pulse force response

5. Unit 5Multi Degree of Freedom System

   Matrix formulation of multi‑degree‑of‑freedom systems · Stiffness and flexibility influence coefficients · Eigenvalue problem for natural frequencies · Normal modes and their properties · Matrix iteration techniques for eigenvalues and eigenvectors · Free and forced vibration analysis by modal superposition

1. Unit 1Design of Multistory Buildings

   Sway and non‑sway buildings · Shear walls and other bracing elements

2. Unit 2Design of Earth Retaining Structures

   Cantilever retaining walls · Counterfort retaining walls

3. Unit 3Water Tanks

   Ground tanks – square, rectangular, circular · Underground tanks – square, rectangular, circular · Overhead tanks – square, rectangular, circular, Intze tanks

4. Unit 4Design of Silos and Bunkers

   Silos · Bunkers

5. Unit 5T‑beam & Slab Bridges and Prestressing

   T‑beam and slab bridges for highway loading (IRC loads) · Prestressing concepts, materials, systems and losses · Introduction to working and limit‑state design

1. Unit 1Introduction

   Definition of Internet of Things · Characteristics of IoT · IoT conceptual framework · IoT architectural view · Physical design of IoT · Logical design of IoT · Applications of IoT

2. Unit 2Machine‑to‑Machine (M2M) and Network Technologies

   Machine‑to‑Machine (M2M) communications · Software Defined Networking (SDN) for IoT · Network Function Virtualization (NFV) for IoT · Data storage in IoT · IoT cloud‑based services

3. Unit 3Web Connectivity and Internet Principles

   Web communication protocols for connected devices · Message communication protocols for connected devices · MQTT protocol · CoAP protocol · SOAP protocol · REST and HTTP RESTful services · WebSockets · Internet connectivity principles · Internet‑based communication · IP addressing in IoT · Media Access Control (MAC) in IoT

4. Unit 4Sensor and Actuator Technologies

   Sensor technology · Participatory sensing · Industrial IoT · Automotive IoT · Actuators · Sensor data communication protocols · Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology · Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) technology

5. Unit 5IoT Design Methodology and Case Studies

   IoT design methodology: specification and requirements · IoT design process and model · Functional and operational view of IoT services · IoT privacy and security solutions · Raspberry Pi and Arduino devices for IoT · IoT case studies: smart‑city street‑light control and monitoring

1. Unit 1Project Management Concepts & Initiating

   Project attributes and balancing project constraints · Project life cycle and project management process · Stakeholder engagement and global project management · Project benefits, identification and selection

2. Unit 2Developing Project Proposals

   Building relationships with customers and partners · Pre‑RFP/proposal marketing and decision to develop a proposal · Proposal preparation, contents and pricing considerations · Contracts

3. Unit 3Planning Schedule, & Resource Utilization – Its Performance, and Controlling the Project

   Defining project objectives, scope and quality plan · Creating work breakdown structure (WBS) and assigning responsibilities · Activity sequencing and estimating resources and durations · Developing project schedule and resource‑constrained planning, leveling and scheduling · Project control process and project management information systems

4. Unit 4Determining Costs, Budget, and Earned Value & Risks

   Estimating activity costs and determining project budget · Determining actual cost and value of work performed (earned value) · Analyzing cost performance, controlling costs and managing cash flow · Identifying, assessing and monitoring project risks

5. Unit 5The Project Team & Project Manager & Documentations & Project Management Structures

   Acquiring and developing the project team, kickoff meeting · Project manager responsibilities, skills and competence development · Delegation, change management and project documentation · Functional and matrix organizational structures, advantages and disadvantages

1. Unit 1INTRODUCTION OF SOLID WASTES

   Definition of solid waste, garbage, rubbish · Sources and types of solid wastes · Physical, chemical and biological characteristics of solid wastes · Problems caused by improper disposal of solid wastes

2. Unit 2INTEGRATED SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT

   Definition, reduction, reuse, recycling and recovery principles of waste management · Functional elements of integrated solid waste management · Waste generation and handling at source · Collection of solid wastes and collection methods and services · Guidelines for collection route layout

3. Unit 3INTRODUCTION OF TRANSFER STATION

   Processing and segregation of solid waste at transfer stations · Various methods of material segregation · Importance of transfer stations · Site selection criteria for transfer stations

4. Unit 4PROCESSING AND TRANSFORMATION OF SOLID WASTES

   Composting: definition, methods of composting and advantages of composting · Incineration: definition, methods of incineration, advantages and disadvantages of incineration

5. Unit 5DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE

   Volume reduction, open dumping, landfilling techniques · Landfills: classification, design and operation of landfills · Land farming · Deep well injection

1. Unit 1Importance of building services, types of services required in building complexes

   Importance of building services · Types of services required in building complexes · Planning of services · Organization structure of services role and administrative functions of supervisors · Classification of building as per NBC · Water supply & distribution in high rise buildings · House connections system of water supply · Water supply fixtures & appliances · Swimming pool water treatment · Algae control in swimming pool

2. Unit 2Lift & Escalator

   Anatomy of lift provision · Classification of lift · Types of lifts · Types of operation of lifts · Lift codes & rules · Traffic analysis and selection of lift · Types of lift control · Structural provisions of lift and buildings · Fire safety provisions in lifts · Work done and lift installation by owner · Details of information to be given to lift supplier · Accidents in lifts and safety precautions · Escalators · Working mechanism of escalators · Travelators

3. Unit 3Fire‑Fighting

   Fire growth and behavior · Classification of fire · Fire triangle classification of building according to fire · Classification of structural components · Modes of fire · Fire extinguishers and their types of suitability · Types of portable fire extinguishers · Fire hydrants and their location · Carbon dioxide storing system · Provisions in building from fire safety (IS 1641) · Hydrants installation · Fire lift · Fire escapes · Service duct escape route · Fire detection systems types and applications · Fire alarm systems types and their working · Fire control systems

4. Unit 4Acoustics, Sound Insulation and HVAC System

   Noise sources & their effects · Characteristics of sound · Acoustical defects · Noise in building · Planning noise rating curve · Reverberation time · Materials for acoustical treatment · Requirement for good acoustics · General principles of acoustics design · Acoustical design of auditorium, studio, open‑air theatre · Sound insulation of walls, ceilings, floors · Natural ventilation · Types of ventilation systems · Types of air conditioning · Principles of control air conditioning · System of air conditioning essentials · Thermal insulation of walls & ceiling · Methods of thermal insulation

5. Unit 5Miscellaneous Services

   Building security & access control (biometrics, voice recognition, iris detector, smart card, vascular pattern, fingerprint, contactless system etc) · Design of car parking system · Car park management strategy · Services for disabled · Rain water harvesting · Solar systems · Green building concerns · Street lighting (campus lighting) · Landscaping & horticulture · Waste collection & reuse & recycling · Package STP · Use of IoT in building services management · CCTV surveillance · Refuse collection & transportation

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