CE 8th Semester Syllabus

Unit 1Basis of Structural Design and Connection Design

Introduction · Metallurgy of steel · Structural properties of steel · Design philosophies · Limit state method · Partial load factors · Loading and load combination on structures · Local buckling and section classification · Types of connections · Welded connections · Types of joints and welds · Connection design · Concentric connection · Eccentric connections · Truss connections · Bolted connections · Force transfer mechanism · Failure mechanism · Analysis of bolt groups · Beam column connections · Shear connection · Moment connection

Unit 2Design of Compression and Tension Members

Types of tension member · Behaviour of tension members · Factors affecting the strength of tension members · Design of tension member for yielding · Net section rupture · Block shear · Tension splices · Lug angles · Concept of shear lag · Types of compression members · Basis of current codal provision for compression member design · Slenderness ratio · Elastic buckling · Strength curves · Design of compression members

Unit 3Design of Flexural Members

Beam types · Lateral stability of beams · Lateral torsional buckling of symmetric beams · Design strength of laterally supported and unsupported beams in bending · Shear strength of steel beams · Web buckling and crippling · Design of beams · Built-up beams · Design of plate girders · Types of stiffeners · Flange and web splices · Design of beam‑columns subjected to combined tension and bending

Unit 4Design of Columns and Column Bases

Design of single section and compound section · Design of laced and battened type columns · Design of column bases · Slab base · Gusseted base · Grillage foundation

Unit 5Design of Industrial Buildings

Introduction, Frames · Multistory frames · Various types of trusses and their selection · Design of purlin and elements of truss · Effect of wind loads on purlin and truss · Bracing systems · Design of Gantry Girder

Unit 1Hydrological Cycle, Water Budget and Precipitation Analysis

Hydrological cycle · Water budget · Practical applications of Hydrology · Hydrometeorology and airmasses · Formation of precipitation · Types of precipitation · Meteorological observations · Probability and random variables · Regression analysis · Catchment types and importance · Measurement of precipitation · Rain gauges and their location · Interpretation and analysis of rainfall data · Calculation of average rainfall · Hyetograph · Intensity‑duration curves · Frequency curves · Mass curve

Unit 2Stream‑flow Measurement and Discharge Relations

Stream‑flow measurement methods · Stage‑discharge relationships · Rating curve and extensions · Stream gauge networking · Stage and discharge hydrographs · Evaporation and evapotranspiration calculation · Factors affecting measurement · Techniques for reducing evaporation

Unit 3Infiltration and Ground‑water Fundamentals

Infiltration processes · Factors affecting infiltration · Measurement of infiltration · Infiltration equations and indices · Occurrence of ground water · Darcy’s law · Flow in wells (steady and unsteady) · Ground‑water exploration · Well yield determination

Unit 4Runoff, Unit Hydrograph Theory and Applications

Runoff components · Factors affecting runoff · Basin yield · Rainfall‑runoff relationships · Flow‑duration curve · Flow‑mass curve · Hydrograph and separation of hydrograph · Unit hydrograph theory and applications · Derivation of unit hydrograph convolution equation · Unit hydrograph for complex storms · Synthetic unit hydrograph · S‑curve hydrograph · Distribution graph of hydrographs · Use and applications of unit hydrograph · Dimensionless unit hydrograph

Unit 5Instantaneous Unit Hydrograph, Flood Routing and Design Floods

Instantaneous unit hydrograph (IUH) · Derivation of IUH · Flood routing methods · Reservoir routing techniques · Storage‑discharge relationship · ISD (Inflow‑Storage‑Discharge) method · Pulse method · Channel routing – Muskingum method · Design flood estimation – empirical and rational formulas · Frequency analysis · Gumbel’s distribution · Reservoir sedimentation causes · Factors affecting reservoir sedimentation and control measures

Unit 1Selection of foundation and Sub‑soil exploration/investigation

Types of foundation · Factors affecting the selection of type of foundations · Steps in choosing types of foundation based on soil condition · Objectives and planning of exploration program · Methods of exploration – wash boring and rotary drilling – depth of boring · Soil samples and soil samplers – representative and undisturbed sampling · Field penetration tests: SPT, SCPT, DCPT · Introduction to geophysical methods · Bore log preparation · Report writing

Unit 2Shallow Foundation

Introduction to shallow foundations · Significant depth and design criteria · Modes of shear failures · Bearing capacity theories (Prandtl, Rankine, Terzaghi, Skempton, Meyerhof) · Bearing capacity determination using IS Code · Settlement and components of settlement and its estimation · Permissible settlement · Proportioning of footing for equal settlement · Allowable bearing pressure · Bearing capacity from in‑situ tests (SPT, SCPT, plate load) · Factors affecting bearing capacity · Contact pressure under rigid and flexible footings · Floating foundation

Unit 3Pile foundations

Introduction to pile foundations · Load transfer mechanism · Types of piles and their functions · Factors influencing selection of pile · Methods of installation and load‑carrying characteristics for cohesive and granular soils · Pile load carrying capacity from static formulae · Dynamic formulae (ENR and Hiley) · Pile load test · Pile group – carrying capacity, efficiency and settlement · Negative skin friction

Unit 4Foundations on problematic soil & Introduction to Geosynthetics

Characteristics of expansive and collapsible soils · Footing on problematic soils and associated problems · Preventive measures for problematic soils · Underreamed pile foundation – concept, design and field installation · Introduction to geosynthetics – materials, types, functions and uses

Unit 5Lateral Earth Pressure

Active, passive and earth pressure at rest · Rankine’s theory of earth pressure · Earth pressures in layered soils · Coulomb’s earth pressure theory · Culmann’s graphical method

Unit 6Retaining Walls

Types of retaining walls · Stability of retaining walls against overturning, sliding and bearing capacity · Drainage from backfill · Reinforced earth retaining walls

Unit 1Types of Bridge Super Structures

Introduction and types, temporary bridge superstructures, military bridges, other temporary bridges, permanent bridges, R.C.C. bridges, pre‑stressed concrete bridges, steel bridges, movable steel bridge · Consideration of loads and stresses in road bridges: loads, forces and stress, dead loads, bridge loading as per relevant IRC and IRS specifications (traffic lanes, foot way, kerbs, railing and parapet loading), impact, wind load, longitudinal forces, temperature effect of live load on back‑fill and on the abutment

Unit 2Design of R.C. Bridge

Slab culvert, pipe culvert, T‑beam, box culvert bridge superstructure · Courbon’s theory for load distribution, balanced cantilever bridges, design examples

Unit 3Design of Steel Bridges

Types of steel superstructure, plate girder bridge, truss bridge, wind forces on lattice girder bridge, bracings, arch and bowstring girder bridge · Design example

Unit 4Pier, Abutment and Wing Walls

Types of piers and abutments, stability analysis of piers and abutments, design of piers, forces on piers, stability of abutments, bridge code provisions for abutments, wing walls · Design examples

Unit 5Foundations and Bearings

Types of bridge foundations and general design criteria: shallow foundations, deep foundations, piles, wells and pneumatic caissons, river training works · Bearings: functions and types, necessity of bearings, design of elastomeric bearings, expansion joints (necessity, types), design considerations

Unit 1Engineering Seismology

Introduction to engineering seismology · Geological and tectonic features of India · Origin and propagation of seismic waves · Earthquake measurement parameters · Characteristics of earthquake and its quantification – magnitude and intensity scales · Seismic instruments · Seismic zoning map of India

Unit 2Response Spectrum

Response history and strong motion characteristics · Elastic response spectra · Inelastic response spectra · Tripartite (D‑V‑A) response spectrum · Use of response spectrum in earthquake resistant design · Computation of seismic forces in multi‑storeyed buildings as per codal provisions

Unit 3Aseismic Structural Modelling

Structural configuration for earthquake resistant design · Concept of plan irregularities · Concept of vertical irregularities · Soft storey · Torsion in buildings · Design provisions for irregularities in IS‑1893 · Effect of infill masonry walls on frames · Modeling concepts of infill masonry walls · Behaviour of masonry buildings during earthquakes · Failure patterns of masonry buildings · Strength of masonry in shear · Strength of masonry in flexure · Slenderness concept of masonry walls

Unit 4Design of structure for earthquake resistance

Seismic design philosophy · Load combinations for seismic design · Ductility and energy absorption in buildings · Confinement of concrete for ductility · Design of columns for ductility · Design of beams for ductility · Ductile detailing provisions as per IS‑1893 · Lateral load resisting structural systems

Unit 5Seismic control of structures

Introduction to seismic control systems · Concept and types of seismic control systems (active, passive, semi‑active) · Requirements of efficient earthquake resistant structural system · Damping devices · Base isolation systems · Retrofitting of structures

Unit 1Introduction to Artificial Intelligence

Main components and characteristics of AI (Feature Engineering, ANN, Deep Learning) · Applications of AI · Advantages and disadvantages of AI · Goals of AI · Comparison of programming a system with AI and without AI · Challenges in AI · Programming languages preferably used in AI · Techniques/Algorithms used in AI · AI software platforms · Future of AI

Unit 2Various types of production systems and search techniques

Types of production systems · Characteristics of production systems · Study and comparison of breadth‑first search and depth‑first search · Other search techniques: hill climbing, best‑first search · A* algorithm, AO* algorithms, and various control strategies

Unit 3Knowledge Representation and Probabilistic Reasoning

Problems in representing knowledge · Knowledge representation using propositional and predicate logic · Comparison of propositional and predicate logic · Resolution, refutation, deduction, theorem proving, inferencing · Monotonic and non‑monotonic reasoning · Probabilistic reasoning · Bayes' theorem · Semantic networks, scripts, schemas, frames, conceptual dependency · Fuzzy logic · Forward and backward reasoning

Unit 4Game playing techniques

Minimax procedure · Alpha‑beta cut‑offs · Planning · Study of the block world problem in robotics · Introduction to natural language processing

Unit 5Introduction to learning, ANN

Various techniques used in learning · Introduction to artificial neural networks · Common‑sense reasoning · Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) · Feedforward Neural Network (FNN) · Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) · Multilayer perceptron · Architecture / three layers in artificial neural networks · Implementation of ANN · Applications of ANN in images, signals and language · Examples of expert systems

Unit 1Descriptive Statistics

Probability Distributions · Inferential Statistics · Inferential Statistics through hypothesis tests · Regression & ANOVA · Regression ANOVA (Analysis of Variance)

Unit 2Introduction to Big Data

Big Data and its Importance · Four V’s of Big Data · Drivers for Big Data · Introduction to Big Data Analytics · Big Data Analytics applications · Hadoop’s Parallel World · Data discovery · Open source technology for Big Data Analytics · Cloud and Big Data · Predictive Analytics · Mobile Business Intelligence and Big Data · Crowd Sourcing Analytics · Inter- and Trans-Firewall Analytics · Information Management

Unit 3Processing Big Data

Integrating disparate data stores · Mapping data to the programming framework · Connecting and extracting data from storage · Transforming data for processing · Subdividing data in preparation for Hadoop Map Reduce

Unit 4Hadoop MapReduce

Employing Hadoop Map Reduce · Creating the components of Hadoop Map Reduce jobs · Distributing data processing across server farms · Executing Hadoop Map Reduce jobs · Monitoring the progress of job flows · The building blocks of Hadoop Map Reduce · Distinguishing Hadoop daemons · Investigating the Hadoop Distributed File System · Selecting appropriate execution modes: local, pseudo-distributed, fully distributed

Unit 5Big Data Tools and Techniques

Installing and running Pig · Comparison with databases · Pig Latin · User-Defined Functions (Pig) · Data processing operators · Installing and running Hive · HiveQL · Querying data with Hive · User-Defined Functions (Hive) · Oracle Big Data

Unit 1Introduction and Definition for Repair, Retrofitting, Strengthening and Rehabilitation

Physical causes of deterioration of concrete structures · Chemical causes of deterioration of concrete structures · Evaluation of structural damages to concrete elements due to earthquake · Durability of concrete – factors affecting durability · Corrosion of reinforcement in concrete · Carbonation of concrete · Chloride ingress · Alkali–silica reaction · Freeze‑thaw effects · Chemical attack on concrete · Abrasion, erosion and cavitation · Weathering and efflorescence

Unit 2Damage Assessment

Purpose of damage assessment · Rapid assessment techniques · Investigation of damage · Evaluation of surface cracks · Evaluation of structural cracks · Damage assessment procedures · Destructive testing methods · Non‑destructive testing methods · Semi‑destructive testing methods

Unit 3Influence on Serviceability and Durability

Effects of climate, temperature and chemicals on serviceability · Wear and erosion effects · Design and construction errors · Corrosion mechanisms in reinforced concrete · Effect of cover thickness and cracking on durability · Methods of corrosion protection · Corrosion inhibitors · Corrosion‑resistant steels · Protective coatings · Cathodic protection

Unit 4Maintenance and Retrofitting Techniques

Definition and importance of maintenance · Facts of maintenance · Need for retrofitting · Jacketing technique for columns and beams · Externally bonded reinforcement (EBR) technique · Near‑surface mounted (NSM) technique · External post‑tensioning · Section enlargement · Guidelines for seismic rehabilitation of existing buildings

Unit 5Materials for Repair and Retrofitting

Artificial fibre‑reinforced polymers – CFRP, GFRP, AFRP · Natural fibres – sisal, jute · Adhesives – epoxy resin · Special concretes and mortars · Concrete chemicals · Special elements for accelerated strength gain · Rust eliminators and polymer coatings for rebars · Foamed concrete · Mortar and dry‑pack repair · Vacuum‑concrete technique · Gunite and shotcrete · Epoxy injection for crack repair · Mortar repair for cracks · Shoring and underpinning methods

Unit 1Paradigm Shift in Water Management

Global and national perspectives of water crisis · Water scarcity · Water functions in the life-support systems · Water availability and requirements for humans and nature · Concepts of ‘blue water’, ‘green water’ and ‘virtual water’ and their roles in water management · Human‑landscape interventions · Salient water management issues and challenges

Unit 2Sustainable Water Resources Management

Concept of sustainable development · Sustainability principles for water management · Goals for guiding sustainable water resource management · Important preconditioning in water policy approaches · Framework for planning a sustainable water future

Unit 3Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) Approach

IWRM Principles: modern principles for water management and planning · Definition, components, and critique of IWRM · IWRM Implementation: socio‑scientific, economic, political and ecological factors affecting implementation · Salient examples of river basin management · Lessons from best practices in river‑basin management

Unit 4Surface and Subsurface Water Systems

Impacts of development activities on the water cycle · Precipitation, evapotranspiration, infiltration, runoff, streamflow, erosion and sedimentation · Types of aquifer systems and their hydraulic characteristics · Environmental impacts on groundwater systems · Estimation of groundwater recharge and discharge · Assessment of groundwater potential · Surface water–groundwater interaction · Concept of sustainable groundwater development and management · Water balance, balance of water resources and needs · Minimum water table and minimum discharges

Unit 5Conventional and Non‑conventional Techniques for Water Security

Rainwater harvesting · Groundwater mining and artificial recharge · Conjunctive use of surface water and groundwater resources · Long‑distance water conveyance and transport · Conservation of ‘green water’ · Desalination · Treatment of poor‑quality waters