Water Resource Engineering (CE-603 (A)) - Important Questions

Define field capacity and wilting coefficient (permanent wilting point) and explain their significance in irrigation scheduling.

Discuss the development of irrigation in India and explain its importance in agriculture.

Numerical on GCA, CCA, intensity of irrigation and outlet factor to determine outlet discharge and delta

Explain methods to improve / enhance the duty of water in irrigation systems

Explain different / surface and subsurface methods of irrigation and their suitability

Explain the necessity, advantages, and disadvantages of irrigation.

Define consumptive use and explain methods for its determination.

Write a short note on crop ratio, crop rotation and intensity of irrigation.

Derive the relationship between duty, delta and base period

The GCA for an irrigation canal is 20,000 hectares out of which 75% is CCA. The intensity of irrigation is 40% for Rabi and 10% for rice. If kor period is 4 weeks for Rabi and 2.5 weeks for rice, determine the outlet discharge. Outlet factors for Rabi and Rice may be assumed as 1800 ha/cumecs and 800 ha/cumecs. Also calculate delta for each case.

After how many days will you supply water to soil in order to ensure efficient irrigation of the given crop, if

Identify principal crops and discuss about their respective water requirements?

Explain the causes and effects of salt efflorescence and its impact on soil quality and crop productivity.

Discuss the necessity of groundwater recharge and describe methods for improving groundwater storage and recharge.

Explain aquifer properties: porosity, permeability, transmissibility and storage coefficient.

Differentiate between waterlogging and salinity and explain their remedial measures.

Calculate specific yield of an unconfined aquifer from pumped volume, basin area and water-table decline, and related recharge or porosity estimation.

Explain the types of aquifers, including confined and unconfined aquifers, and their properties.

Explain water logging, its causes, effects and prevention.

What are infiltration galleries? And how do they contribute to groundwater recharge?

Discuss strategies for reclaiming salt-affected lands and restoring soil fertility.

A 30 cm diameter well completely penetrates an artesian aquifer. The thickness of strainer is 25 m. Determine the discharge from the well when the draw down in the well is 4 m and the coefficient of permeability is 45 m/day. Assume radius of influence as 350 m.

Write a short note on rain water harvesting.

Explain specific yield and specific retention.

Estimate missing storm rainfall at inoperative station A from neighbouring stations using arithmetic average and normal-ratio methods.

Explain the methods for measuring precipitation/rainfall and the types/differences of recording and non-recording rain gauges.

Define infiltration and explain the various factors affecting infiltration.

Explain the concept of unit hydrograph and give the steps to derive a unit hydrograph from an observed runoff hydrograph.

Define precipitation, describe its different forms/types, and explain related aspects such as factors affecting precipitation and distinction between precipitation and rainfall.

What do you understand by the rainfall intensity? Explain the methods for the Preparation of the intensity duration curves.

Describe the hydrological cycle with a neat sketch.

Explain the various methods for computation of average rainfall over a basin with their advantages and disadvantages.

Given unit hydrograph ordinates, compute flood hydrograph ordinates for observed peak flow and base flow.

Discuss techniques for estimating missing rainfall data in hydrological studies.

Discuss the significance of depth-area duration curves in hydrological studies.

Explain the Thiessen polygon method for calculating mean precipitation over an area.

Compare / discuss Kennedy's theory and Lacey's theory for canal design, including limitations.

Describe / explain different types of canal irrigation hydraulic structures such as head regulator, cross regulator, escape, fall and outlet

Design an irrigation channel using Kennedy's theory to carry a given discharge for given rugosity, critical velocity ratio, slope / section parameters.

Explain the objectives/importance of canal lining and the types/materials commonly used for lining.

Design a regime irrigation channel/canal using Lacey's theory for given discharge, silt factor and side slopes.

Explain the design principles and assumptions involved in the design of unlined canals.

Explain the functions of weirs and barrages / comparison of weirs vs barrages

Define hydraulic structures and explain their role in water resource management

Explain the procedure for designing a channel using Kennedy's theory for given Q, N, m and B/D ratio.

Explain the factors influencing the alignment of canals and their significance in design.

What is an aqueduct and what is its design procedure?

What factors affect the selection of a suitable type of cross drainage work?

Explain the Muskingum method of channel routing with necessary equations and steps involved.

Explain flood frequency analysis using return periods and probability distributions to assess flood risk and compute design discharge for a catchment.

Explain the concept of flood control and discuss the various types of flood control reservoirs

Describe various methods used for flood estimation, including empirical, rational, and unit hydrograph methods. Compare their applicability.

Explain the different methods of flood control including the use of reservoirs and channels to control and regulate floodwaters

Discuss cost-benefit analysis as a tool for evaluating the effectiveness of flood control projects?

Write short notes on any two?