EC-604-B Bio-medical Electronics - Jun 2025 Question Paper

Under each question, How to answer lists the points an answer should cover, outlined by CampusPrep from the syllabus. Check the details against your textbook.

1. 7 Marks
   aExplain temperature transducers in detail.
   How to answer

   • Definition and principle of temperature transducers for biomedical use
   • Types: thermocouple, RTD, thermistor, IC sensors
   • Construction, characteristics and temperature range
   • Medical applications with advantages and limitations
2. 7 Marks
   bExplain the working of the cardiovascular system.
   How to answer

   • Overview of heart, blood vessels and blood as transport system
   • Systemic and pulmonary circulation and cardiac cycle
   • Role of heart valves, conduction system and regulation
   • Functions: oxygen, nutrient transport and waste removal
3. 7 Marks
   aDescribe the electrical safety in the medical environment in detail.
   How to answer

   • Sources of electrical hazards: macroshock and microshock
   • Grounding, isolation, leakage current limits
   • Isolated power systems and patient protection
   • Safety standards and safe practices in hospitals
4. 7 Marks
   bExplain EEG in detail.
   How to answer

   • Principle and origin of EEG signals
   • 10-20 electrode placement and recording setup
   • Frequency bands: alpha, beta, theta, delta
   • Clinical applications and typical waveforms
5. 7 Marks
   aDescribe different types of blood pressure measurement.
   How to answer

   • Need for direct and indirect blood pressure measurement
   • Auscultatory, oscillometric and invasive methods
   • Sphygmomanometer and transducer setup
   • Comparison of accuracy and clinical use
6. 7 Marks
   bExplain the body plethysmography.
   How to answer

   • Principle of plethysmography for volume change
   • Types: body, impedance, photoelectric plethysmograph
   • Construction and working with diagram
   • Applications in lung and vascular assessment
7. 7 Marks
   aExplain the working of biometrics systems.
   How to answer

   • Concept of biometrics for identification
   • Enrollment, feature extraction and matching stages
   • Types: fingerprint, iris, face recognition
   • Block diagram and medical/security applications
8. 7 Marks
   bWhat is Endoscopy? Explain its importance.
   How to answer

   • Definition of endoscopy and basic principle
   • Construction: endoscope, light source, camera
   • Types and procedure in brief
   • Diagnostic and therapeutic importance
9. 7 Marks
   aDescribe the working of Defibrillators.
   How to answer

   • Principle of defibrillation and need for synchronized shock
   • Capacitor charging and discharge circuit
   • Types: AC, DC, internal, external, AED
   • Electrodes, energy levels and safety
10. 7 Marks
    bWrite down the importance of therapeutic equipment.
    How to answer

    • Definition and role of therapeutic equipment
    • Examples: diathermy, ventilator, pacemaker, dialysis
    • Importance in treatment and rehabilitation
    • Patient care and clinical outcomes
11. 14 Marks
    bWhat are lead systems and recording methods used in signal acquisition?
    How to answer

    • Organization: CNS, PNS, sensory and motor divisions
    • Functional block diagram with signal flow
    • Neuron, synapse and reflex action role
    • Control and communication functions
12. 7 Marks
    aExplain oxy-meter and different types of it.
    How to answer

    • Principle of oximetry and Beer-Lambert law
    • In-vitro and in-vivo, pulse oximeter types
    • Probe construction with red and infrared LEDs
    • Applications and limitations
13. 7 Marks
    bDescribe radiographic and fluoroscopic techniques.
    How to answer

    • Principle of X-ray radiography and fluoroscopy
    • Equipment setup and image formation
    • Static image vs real-time dynamic imaging
    • Clinical uses and radiation safety
14. 14 Marks
    Define the following:

    1. a)Audio meters
    2. b)Ultrasonic sensors
    3. c)EMG
    4. d)Ultrasonography
    How to answer

    • Concise definition of each term
    • Basic principle and sensor/instrument involved
    • Measured signal and typical clinical use
    • Distinguishing features of each modality