CE-703-C Integrated Waste Management - Nov 2023 Question Paper

Under each question, How to answer lists the points an answer should cover, outlined by CampusPrep from the syllabus. Check the details against your textbook.

1. 7 Marks
   aDiscuss the physical, chemical and biological properties of municipal solid waste.
   How to answer

   • Define municipal solid waste and need for characterization
   • Physical properties: density, moisture content, particle size, etc.
   • Chemical properties: proximate/ultimate analysis, calorific value, C/N ratio
   • Biological properties: biodegradability, odour, vector attraction
2. 7 Marks
   bEstimate the density of a solid waste sample, on a discarded basis.

   

   How to answer

   • Use discarded-basis density formula: 100 / sum(%i / density_i)
   • Tabulate % by mass and typical density for 6 components
   • Calculate weighted sum and overall density
   • State result with units
3. 7 Marks
   aExplain in detail any two major sources of solid waste along with the characteristics and remedial measures followed to reduce the impact on the environment.
   How to answer

   • Select any two major sources e.g. residential, commercial, industrial
   • Characteristics: composition, generation rate, hazardous fraction
   • Environmental impacts: leachate, air, health
   • Remedial measures: segregation, recycling, treatment and disposal
4. 7 Marks
   bWith neat schematic diagram explain hauled container system and stationery container system.
   How to answer

   • Define hauled container vs stationary container system
   • Describe operation cycle and equipment
   • Provide neat schematic diagram for both
   • Compare applicability and advantages
5. 7 Marks
   aFrom the following data estimate the waste generation rate per day for a residential area consisting of 1200 houses. The observation location is a transfer station that receives all the waste collected for disposal. The observation period is one week. Also estimate per capita generation rate assuming 4 persons per house.

   

   How to answer

   • Compute mass per load = volume x specific weight for each vehicle type
   • Total weekly mass = sum(No. of loads x mass)
   • Daily generation rate = weekly total / 7
   • Per capita rate = daily rate / (1200x4)
6. 7 Marks
   bWhat are the different biological and chemical techniques adopted for energy and resource recovery? Describe each of them in detail.
   How to answer

   • List biological techniques: composting, anaerobic digestion, etc.
   • List chemical techniques: incineration, pyrolysis, gasification
   • Explain principle and products for each
   • Energy and resource recovery aspects
7. 7 Marks
   aExplain briefly about different types of Transfer Station and also explain the factors to be considered in the design of transfer station.
   How to answer

   • Define transfer station and its need
   • Types: direct load, storage load, combined
   • Design factors: capacity, location, equipment, traffic
   • Brief operation aspects
8. 7 Marks
   bWith neat sketches explain the following:

   1. i)Garbage Chutes
   2. ii)Route Optimization
   How to answer

   • Sketch garbage chute in multistorey building with sections
   • Explain working and precautions
   • Sketch route optimization concept / collection routing
   • Benefits of optimized routing
9. 7 Marks
   aWhat is volume reduction and write a short note on mechanical volume reduction?
   How to answer

   • Define volume reduction and its objectives
   • Need to reduce volume for handling and disposal
   • Mechanical methods: compaction, shredding, baling
   • Equipment and efficiency notes
10. 7 Marks
    bWith a neat sketch, explain the working of conventional municipal solid waste incinerator.
    How to answer

    • Draw labelled sketch of conventional MSW incinerator
    • Describe feeding, combustion chamber, air supply
    • Heat recovery and flue gas cleaning
    • Ash handling and emissions control
11. 7 Marks
    aExplain the mechanism of 3T's to control the high temperature in an incinerator.
    How to answer

    • Define 3T's: Temperature, Time, Turbulence
    • Role of each in complete combustion
    • Typical values for high temperature control
    • Effect on emissions and efficiency
12. 7 Marks
    bExplain with neat sketch about the Indore method of composting the municipal solid waste.
    How to answer

    • Describe Indore method pits and layering
    • Materials: night soil, refuse, soil, etc.
    • Turning schedule and moisture control
    • Neat sketch of pit cross-section and compost formation
13. 7 Marks
    aDetermine the landfill area required for a municipality with a population of 50,000 given the following details.

    1. i)Solid waste generation - 1500 gm/person/day
    2. ii)Compacted Density of soil waste in landfill - 500 kg/m3
    3. iii)Average compacted depth of solid waste - 3m
    How to answer

    • Total daily waste = population x per capita generation
    • Annual volume = mass / compacted density
    • Area = volume / depth with cover allowance
    • Compute landfill area required
14. 7 Marks
    bWith neat sketches explain the procedure adopted in sanitary land fill.
    How to answer

    • Draw cross-section of sanitary landfill with liner and cover
    • Steps: site preparation, waste spreading, compaction
    • Daily cover, leachate and gas management
    • Final cover and monitoring
15. 14 Marks
    Write any two of the following:

    1. a)Characteristics of solid waste
    2. b)Recycling and recovery of waste management
    3. c)Pit method of sanitary land filling
    4. d)Deep well injection
    How to answer

    • Choose any two topics from a-d
    • Define and explain key principles
    • Add diagrams/examples where relevant
    • Management significance and applications