CE-703-C Integrated Waste Management - Jun 2025 Question Paper

Under each question, How to answer lists the points an answer should cover, outlined by CampusPrep from the syllabus. Check the details against your textbook.

1. 7 Marks
   aDiscuss the physical, chemical and biological properties of municipal solid waste.
   How to answer

   • Define municipal solid waste (MSW)
   • List physical properties: density, moisture content, particle size, etc.
   • List chemical properties: proximate/ultimate analysis, calorific value, C/N ratio
   • List biological properties: biodegradability, odour, vector attraction
2. 7 Marks
   bMention the different processing techniques adopted for physical, chemical and biological transformation of solid waste.
   How to answer

   • Distinguish physical, chemical, biological transformation objectives
   • Physical techniques: shredding, compaction, separation
   • Chemical techniques: combustion, pyrolysis, gasification
   • Biological techniques: composting, anaerobic digestion
3. 7 Marks
   aEstimate the unit solid waste generation rate for a residential area having 800 dwellings. The observation made at local transfer station for a week time revealed that the waste was carried in self-compacting trucks and flatbed trucks, whose volume is $15\,m^3$ and $1.25\,m^3$ and the density of waste is $295\,kg/m^3$ and $110\,kg/m^3$ respectively. Assume 10 self-compacting truck and 20 flatbed truck loads per week.
   How to answer

   • Calculate weekly mass from self-compacting trucks: volume x density x trips
   • Calculate weekly mass from flatbed trucks similarly
   • Total weekly mass / 7 = daily mass
   • Divide by 800 dwellings for unit generation rate in kg/dwelling/day
4. 7 Marks
   bDefine hazardous waste. Explain the various sources of hazardous wastes.
   How to answer

   • Define hazardous waste with characteristics
   • Explain ignitability, corrosivity, reactivity, toxicity
   • List sources: industrial, hospital, agricultural, domestic
   • Give examples for each source
5. 7 Marks
   aWith examples, explain the energy recovery technique used in the chemical and biological transformation of wastes.
   How to answer

   • Define energy recovery from waste
   • Chemical transformation: combustion, pyrolysis, gasification with examples
   • Biological transformation: anaerobic digestion, fermentation for biogas
   • Mention energy products: heat, electricity, RDF, methane
6. 7 Marks
   bWrite a note on identification and classification of hazardous waste.
   How to answer

   • Criteria for identification: listed and characteristic wastes
   • Explain TCLP and hazardous characteristics
   • Classification: ignitable, corrosive, reactive, toxic, etc.
   • Indian / USEPA classification system overview
7. 7 Marks
   aWhat is composting? Distinguish between aerobic and anaerobic composting.
   How to answer

   • Define composting as aerobic/anaerobic biological decomposition
   • Describe aerobic composting process and conditions
   • Describe anaerobic composting process and conditions
   • Compare on oxygen, time, temperature, odour, end products in table
8. 7 Marks
   bExplain the area method of landfilling technique.
   How to answer

   • Define landfilling and area method applicability
   • Explain site preparation on flat/ground surface
   • Explain spreading, compaction and daily cover steps
   • Mention advantages, limitations and neat sketch
9. 7 Marks
   aWhat is leachate? With neat sketch, discuss the control of leachate movement in sanitary landfill sites.
   How to answer

   • Define leachate and its formation
   • Draw liner, drainage, collection system sketch
   • Explain clay/geomembrane liners and leachate collection
   • Discuss recirculation, treatment and monitoring for control
10. 7 Marks
    bExplain Hauled container System with neat and detailed sketch.
    How to answer

    • Define hauled container system in waste collection
    • Describe components: containers, hauler truck, transfer
    • Draw neat detailed sketch of system operation
    • Mention conventional vs exchange modes and applicability
11. 7 Marks
    aHow does incineration help in the management of solid waste? Describe the incineration technologies and air emissions and its control in detail.
    How to answer

    • Explain incineration purpose: volume reduction and energy
    • Describe mass-burn, modular, fluidized bed technologies
    • List air emissions: particulates, dioxins, NOx, SOx, heavy metals
    • Explain APC devices: ESP, baghouse, scrubbers
12. 7 Marks
    bDescribe the six ways of reuse of waste in industry and its limitations.
    How to answer

    • Define industrial waste reuse/recycling concept
    • Describe six ways: direct reuse, material recovery, energy recovery, etc.
    • Give industry examples for each way
    • Discuss technical, economic and environmental limitations
13. 7 Marks
    aDetermine the landfill area required for a population of 50000, given the following data.

    1. i)Solid waste generation: 1.5 kg/person/day
    2. ii)Compacted density of solid waste in landfill: 500 kg/m³
    3. iii)Average compacted depth of solid waste: 3M
    How to answer

    • Compute daily waste mass = population x per capita generation
    • Compute daily volume = mass / compacted density
    • Compute yearly volume and area = volume / depth
    • Add cover/factor if required and express area in m2/ha
14. 7 Marks
    bExplain the major provisions in Municipal Solid Waste Management Rules 2016.
    How to answer

    • State objectives of MSW Rules 2016
    • Explain segregation, collection, processing duties
    • Explain roles of generators, local bodies, SPCBs
    • Mention landfill, processing, user fee provisions
15. 7 Marks
    aDiscuss methods of recycling the following E-waste materials :

    1. i)Glass
    2. ii)Lead
    3. iii)Plastic
    4. iv)PCBs
    5. v)Batteries
    6. vi)Mercury
    How to answer

    • Outline e-waste recycling stages: collection, dismantling, recovery
    • Describe methods for glass, lead, plastic
    • Describe methods for PCBs, batteries, mercury
    • Mention safe handling and environmental precautions
16. 7 Marks
    bDiscuss various control measures of industrial solid waste.
    How to answer

    • Define industrial solid waste types
    • List control measures: minimization, segregation, recycling
    • Explain treatment and secure disposal methods
    • Mention regulatory and cleaner production measures