CE-602 Environmental Engineering -I - May 2024 Question Paper

Under each question, How to answer lists the points an answer should cover, outlined by CampusPrep from the syllabus. Check the details against your textbook.

1. 7 Marks
   aWhat are the various sources of water used in water supply schemes? Discuss their merits and demerits from quality and quantity point of view.
   How to answer

   • List surface and subsurface sources: rivers, streams, lakes, ponds, springs, wells, infiltration galleries
   • Discuss quality aspects: turbidity, pollution, hardness, iron, reliability
   • Discuss quantity aspects: yield, dependability, storage, seasonal variation
   • Compare merits and demerits of each source
2. 7 Marks
   bDefine Fire demand in the context of water supply systems. Explain the factors influencing fire demand and the methods used for its estimation.
   How to answer

   • Define fire demand as water required for fire fighting
   • Factors: population, building type, climate, fire hazards, water pressure
   • Methods: Kuichling's, Freeman's, National Board of Fire Underwriters, Buston's formulae
   • Example calculation approach
3. 7 Marks
   aThe population of a city in three consecutive years i.e. 1991, 2001 and 2011 is 80,000; 250,000 and 480,000, respectively. Determine: i) The saturation population ii) The expected population in 2021.
   How to answer

   • Apply logistic curve method with three equidistant census populations
   • Formula for saturation population Ks
   • Calculate Ks using P0, P1, P2
   • Predict 2021 population using logistic equation
4. 7 Marks
   bElaborate about the factors governing the selection of the intake structure.
   How to answer

   • Define intake structure function
   • Factors: water availability, quality, river/stream characteristics, foundation, accessibility
   • Hydraulic, structural and cost considerations
   • Site selection and submergence conditions
5. 7 Marks
   aDescribe in brief various tests conducted for physical examination of water.
   How to answer

   • List physical parameters: temperature, turbidity, colour, taste, odour, solids
   • Brief test procedure for each
   • Permissible limits as per standards
   • Significance in water supply
6. 7 Marks
   bGive a note on various water borne diseases.
   How to answer

   • Define water-borne diseases and transmission route
   • Bacterial: cholera, typhoid; Viral: hepatitis, polio; Protozoal: amoebiasis
   • Causative organisms and symptoms
   • Prevention by safe water supply and disinfection
7. 7 Marks
   aDraw a neat sketch of a slow sand filter. Explain its working.
   How to answer

   • Draw cross-section showing supernatant water, sand bed, gravel, underdrains
   • Label inlet, outlet, schmutzdecke layer
   • Explain filling, maturation, filtration and cleaning
   • Mention rate of filtration and efficiency
8. 7 Marks
   bDescribe in brief various types of sedimentation tanks generally used.
   How to answer

   • Define sedimentation and purpose
   • Types: plain vs coagulation, horizontal vs vertical flow, rectangular vs circular tanks
   • Brief working of each type
   • Suitability and cleaning
9. 7 Marks
   aExplain the theory of filtration as used in the purification of water.
   How to answer

   • State mechanical straining, sedimentation, biological and electrolytic actions
   • Explain schmutzdecke formation
   • Role of sand size, depth and filtration rate
   • Cleaning and ripening period
10. 7 Marks
    bDiscuss the role of sewerage systems in promoting public health, environmental protection and sustainable development.
    How to answer

    • Role in safe excreta and wastewater disposal
    • Prevention of water-borne diseases and pollution
    • Environmental protection and reuse aspects
    • Contribution to sustainable development goals
11. 7 Marks
    aDiscuss the different types of sewer networks and their suitability for various urban settings.
    How to answer

    • Types: separate, combined, partially separate systems
    • Layouts: perpendicular, interceptor, fan, zone, radial
    • Suitability for rainfall, topography, urban density
    • Merits and demerits comparison
12. 7 Marks
    bExplain the construction techniques used for laying sewer pipelines. Discuss the importance of quality control and safety measures during sewer construction.
    How to answer

    • Steps: trench excavation, bedding, laying, jointing, backfilling
    • Equipment and alignment control
    • Quality control: gradient, leakage, material testing
    • Safety: shoring, ventilation, protective gear
13. 7 Marks
    aDefine waste water and discuss its characteristics in terms of physical, chemical and biological parameters. Explain the significance of waste water analysis in understanding and managing water quality.
    How to answer

    • Define wastewater: domestic, industrial, storm water
    • Physical: colour, odour, solids, temperature; Chemical: pH, BOD, COD; Biological: bacteria, pathogens
    • Significance of analysis for treatment design
    • Water quality management and standards
14. 7 Marks
    bDescribe the processes involved in the decomposition of organic matter in waste water.
    How to answer

    • Aerobic vs anaerobic decomposition stages
    • Hydrolysis, acidogenesis, methanogenesis
    • Role of bacteria and oxygen demand
    • End products and stabilization
15. 6 Marks
    aDiscuss the natural methods of waste water disposal, including land treatment and dilution in surface water bodies.
    How to answer

    • Land treatment: irrigation, overland flow, rapid infiltration
    • Dilution in rivers, lakes: self-purification, oxygen sag
    • Conditions favouring each method
    • Limitations and environmental aspects
16. 8 Marks
    bExplain briefly about the following (any four)

    1. i)Per capita demand of water
    2. ii)Infiltration gallery
    3. iii)Factors effecting sedimentation
    4. iv)Pumps and pumping stations
    5. v)Relative stability
    How to answer

    • Select any four terms and define each
    • Explain significance with example or formula
    • Mention application in water/wastewater field
    • Conclude with relevance