CE-602 Environmental Engineering-I - Dec 2024 Question Paper

Under each question, How to answer lists the points an answer should cover, outlined by CampusPrep from the syllabus. Check the details against your textbook.

1. 7 Marks
   aDiscuss the methods used for population forecasting and their significance in planning water infrastructure projects.
   How to answer

   • List population forecasting methods: arithmetic, geometric, incremental, logistic, etc.
   • Brief procedure for each method
   • Significance in sizing water works, demand estimation and phased development
   • Selection criteria based on city type and growth pattern
2. 7 Marks
   bExplain the concept of water demand and its importance in water resource management. Discuss the factors influencing water demand and the methods used for its estimation.
   How to answer

   • Define water demand and types of demands
   • Importance in resource planning and sustainability
   • Factors: population, climate, lifestyle, industrialization, losses
   • Methods of estimation: per capita, empirical formulae
3. 7 Marks
   aAnalyse the fluctuations in water demand over time in an urban area. Discuss the factors contributing to these fluctuations and propose strategies for managing them effectively.
   How to answer

   • Types of fluctuations: daily, hourly, seasonal
   • Factors: climate, population habits, industrial, festivals
   • Peak factors and demand curves
   • Management strategies: storage, metering, pricing, awareness
4. 7 Marks
   bDiscuss about the design aspects of pipe lines.
   How to answer

   • Alignment, hydraulic design and velocity limits
   • Pipe material, diameter, pressure considerations
   • Appurtenances, joints and laying aspects
   • Maintenance and economic aspects
5. 7 Marks
   aDiscuss the merits and demerits of different kinds of pipes.
   How to answer

   • Types: CI, steel, RCC, PVC, HDPE, GI
   • Merits of each in strength, durability, cost
   • Demerits in corrosion, handling, leakage
   • Suitability for different conditions
6. 7 Marks
   bWrite a note on bacteriological analysis of water.
   How to answer

   • Purpose of bacteriological examination
   • Indicator organisms: E. coli, coliforms
   • Tests: MPN, membrane filter, plate count
   • Significance of results and standards
7. 7 Marks
   aWhat is meant by coagulation? Describe various methods of application of coagulants.
   How to answer

   • Definition of coagulation and destabilization
   • Common coagulants: alum, ferric salts
   • Methods of application: dry, wet feeding, mixing
   • Factors: dose, pH, rapid mixing
8. 7 Marks
   bDescribe in brief about various types of sedimentation tanks generally used.
   How to answer

   • Principle of sedimentation
   • Types: plain, coagulated, rectangular, circular
   • Design features and operation
   • Advantages and applications
9. 7 Marks
   aDraw a neat flow chart of water treatment plant and explain it.
   How to answer

   • Flow chart: intake-aeration-coagulation-flocculation-sedimentation-filtration-disinfection-storage
   • Neat labelled diagram of sequence
   • Function of each unit
   • Overall flow and controls
10. 7 Marks
    bDescribe the process of collection and conveyance of sewage in a sewerage system.
    How to answer

    • Components: house sewers, laterals, mains, manholes
    • Collection system layout
    • Conveyance by gravity/pumping to treatment
    • Maintenance and ventilation aspects
11. 7 Marks
    aBriefly explain the design analysis of sewer tank.
    How to answer

    • Purpose and types of sewer tanks/septic tank
    • Design criteria: detention, capacity, dimensions
    • Analysis steps and formulae
    • Construction and maintenance notes
12. 7 Marks
    bDiscuss the challenges associated with managing stormwater quantity in urban areas. Explain the methods used for stormwater collection, conveyance, and treatment in integrated sewerage systems.
    How to answer

    • Challenges: peak flow, flooding, pollution load
    • Collection: drains, inlets, combined/separate systems
    • Conveyance and storage measures
    • Treatment and integrated management
13. 7 Marks
    aExplain the concept of oxygen demand in wastewater and its measurement using biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) tests. Compare and contrast the principles and applications of BOD and COD analysis.
    How to answer

    • Define BOD and COD and oxygen demand concept
    • BOD test procedure (5-day) and COD test (dichromate)
    • Principles: biological vs chemical oxidation
    • Comparison of applications, time, limitations
14. 7 Marks
    bDiscuss the role of microorganisms in wastewater treatment and the factors influencing their activity.
    How to answer

    • Role: biodegradation, nutrient removal, pathogen reduction
    • Types: aerobic, anaerobic, facultative microbes
    • Factors: pH, temperature, DO, nutrients, toxicity
    • Application in activated sludge, filters, etc.
15. 6 Marks
    aDiscuss the importance of sustainable wastewater management practices in achieving water security and environmental sustainability.
    How to answer

    • Need for reuse, water scarcity and pollution control
    • Practices: recycle, resource recovery, decentralised treatment
    • Benefits for water security and environment
    • Examples and sustainability goals
16. 8 Marks
    bExplain briefly about the following (Any four):

    1. i)Sources of Water
    2. ii)Types of intake structures
    3. iii)Aeration
    4. iv)Sewer appurtenances
    5. v)Oxygen sag analysis
    How to answer

    • Brief definition and purpose of each topic
    • Key types/components for intake, aeration, appurtenances
    • Oxygen sag curve concept
    • Relevance to water/wastewater engineering