ME-504-B TQM and SQC - Dec 2024 Question Paper

Under each question, How to answer lists the points an answer should cover, outlined by CampusPrep from the syllabus. Check the details against your textbook.

1. 7 Marks
   aWhat is ISO? What is ISO 9000 quality system?
   How to answer

   • Define ISO as International Organization for Standardization
   • Purpose and structure of ISO standards
   • Define ISO 9000 family as quality management system standards
   • Elements and benefits of ISO 9000 quality system
2. 7 Marks
   bWhat are the principles of TQM?
   How to answer

   • Define TQM principles overview
   • Customer focus and leadership commitment
   • Continuous improvement, employee involvement and process approach
   • Fact-based decision making and supplier relationships
3. 7 Marks
   aWhat are the requirements of BPR?
   How to answer

   • Define BPR - Business Process Reengineering
   • Leadership commitment and process orientation
   • IT enablement and change management
   • Customer focus and performance measurement requirements
4. 7 Marks
   bWrite about Malcolm Bridge National Quality Award.
   How to answer

   • Introduction to Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award as printed
   • Purpose and history of the award
   • Criteria categories and evaluation framework
   • Significance for TQM excellence
5. 7 Marks
   aDefine total quality leadership.
   How to answer

   • Define total quality leadership concept
   • Role of top management in quality culture
   • Leadership vs management in TQM context
   • Key attributes of quality leaders
6. 7 Marks
   bOn what factors quality leadership depends? Explain.
   How to answer

   • List factors: commitment, communication, culture, training
   • Explain role of employee empowerment and teamwork
   • Explain customer focus and supplier partnership
   • Explain continuous improvement and measurement systems
7. 7 Marks
   aExplain the inter-relationships among Deming's 14 points.
   How to answer

   • Recall Deming's 14 points for management
   • Group points into themes: constancy, leadership, training, fear
   • Explain how points reinforce each other as a system
   • Emphasize interdependence and systems thinking
8. 7 Marks
   bWrite about Taguchi loss function.
   How to answer

   • Define Taguchi loss function concept
   • Explain quadratic loss $L = k(y-m)^2$ and nominal-the-best
   • Explain societal loss and deviation from target
   • Applications in robust design and quality engineering
9. 14 Marks
   Control charts for $\bar{X}$ and R are maintained on certain dimensions of a manufactured part, measured in mm. The subgroup size is 5. The values of $\bar{X}$ and R are computed for each subgroup. After 20 subgroups $\Sigma \bar{X}=413$ and $\Sigma R = 3.38$. Compute the values of 3 sigma limits for the $\bar{X}$ and R charts and estimate the value of $\delta'$ on the assumption that the process is in statistical control.
   How to answer

   • Compute $\bar{\bar{X}} = \Sigma\bar{X}/20$ and $\bar{R} = \Sigma R/20$
   • Apply 3-sigma factors $A_2, D_3, D_4$ for $n=5$ for $\bar{X}$ and $R$ limits
   • Calculate UCL and LCL for both charts
   • Estimate $\sigma' = \bar{R}/d_2$ assuming statistical control
10. 7 Marks
    aOutline the theory underlying control charts for fraction defective.
    How to answer

    • Define fraction defective $p$ and binomial basis
    • Sampling distribution of $p$ and standard error
    • Derivation of 3-sigma limits for $p$-chart
    • Assumptions: constant $n$, independent trials
11. 7 Marks
    bState and explain the conditions favourable for economic use of control charts for defects per unit.
    How to answer

    • Define c-chart / u-chart for defects per unit and Poisson basis
    • Conditions: large opportunity area, constant inspection unit
    • Economic factors: inspection cost vs defect cost
    • Examples where defects per unit chart is economical
12. 7 Marks
    aWrite about cause and effect diagram.
    How to answer

    • Define cause and effect / Ishikawa / fishbone diagram
    • Explain categories: Man, Machine, Material, Method, etc.
    • Steps to construct and analyze the diagram
    • Use in root cause analysis with neat sketch
13. 7 Marks
    bWhat are steps of waste elimination?
    How to answer

    • Define waste / muda in lean context
    • List 7/8 wastes and elimination approach
    • Steps: identify, measure, analyze, eliminate, sustain
    • Role of 5S, Kaizen and continuous monitoring
14. 7 Marks
    aDifferentiate between Single Sampling Plan and Double Sampling Plan.
    How to answer

    • Define single sampling plan: n, c procedure
    • Define double sampling plan: n1, n2, c1, c2 procedure
    • Compare on sample size, inspection effort, administration
    • Tabular differences and relative merits
15. 7 Marks
    bExplain the characteristics of Operating Characteristic (OC) curve.
    How to answer

    • Define OC curve: Pa vs lot fraction defective p
    • Explain ideal vs actual OC shape
    • Characteristics: AQL, LTPD, producer's and consumer's risk
    • Effect of n and c on slope and discrimination