IT-404 Analog & Digital Communication Notes
5 notes for Analog & Digital Communication, unit by unit.
Notes for IT-404
- Unit 1 · Short notes Signals and Systems Block diagram of a communication system · Signal definition and classification (continuous, discrete, deterministic, non‑deterministic, periodic, non‑periodic, energy, power, analog, digital) · Electromagnetic spectra · Standard signals: DC, sinusoidal, unit‑step, ramp, signum, rectangular pulse, impulse ($\delta$) signal · System definition and classification (linear, non‑linear, time‑variant, time‑invariant, causal, non‑causal, stable, unstable) · Fourier Transform: time‑domain and frequency‑domain representation of signals
- Unit 2 · Short notes Amplitude Modulation Purpose of modulation and classification of amplitude modulation techniques · Double‑sideband full‑carrier (DSB‑FC) modulation and modulation index · Frequency spectrum of AM wave, linear versus over‑modulation · Power relations and transmission efficiency in AM · Modulation by a complex signal and bandwidth of AM · AM modulators: square‑law and switching modulators, advantages/disadvantages
- Unit 3 · Short notes Angle Modulation Introduction to angle modulation and its categories · Frequency modulation (FM): frequency deviation, modulation index, deviation ratio, bandwidth requirement of FM wave · Types of FM · Phase modulation (PM) and differences between FM and PM · Direct and indirect methods of FM generation · FM demodulators: slope detector, Foster‑Seeley discriminator, ratio detector
- Unit 4 · Short notes Sampling and Pulse Modulation Sampling of signals and sampling theorem for low‑pass and band‑pass signals · Pulse amplitude modulation (PAM) and time‑division multiplexing (TDM) · Channel bandwidth considerations for PAM‑TDM signals · Types of sampling: instantaneous, natural, flat‑top, aperture effect · Pulse‑position modulation and pulse‑duration modulation · Digital signal concepts: quantization, quantization error
- Unit 5 · Short notes Digital Modulation Techniques Amplitude shift keying (ASK): generation, detection, equation, bandwidth · Binary phase shift keying (BPSK) · Differential phase shift keying (DPSK) · Quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK): offset and non‑offset variants · M‑ary phase shift keying (M‑ary PSK) · Binary frequency shift keying (BFSK)