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EX-504 (C) Electrical and Electronic Materials Notes

5 notes for Electrical and Electronic Materials, unit by unit.

Unit 1 · Short notes Crystal Structure and Engineering Materials Crystal structure of materials; crystal systems; unit cells, space lattices and lattice defects · Classes of engineering materials – metals and alloys, ferrous and non‑ferrous alloys · Low‑alloy steels, aluminium alloys, copper alloys, stainless steels and cast iron · Ceramics, organic polymers and composite materials · Classification of solids from an electrical‑engineering point of view · Conducting materials – properties of conductors and characteristics of good conductors
Unit 2 · Short notes Dielectric Materials and Insulators Dielectric materials – dielectric strength, factors affecting dielectric strength, dielectric loss and dissipation factor · Permittivity, polarization and charging/discharging of dielectrics · Conduction mechanisms through dielectrics · Applications of dielectrics in different types of capacitors and the materials used for them · Insulating materials – thermal, chemical, mechanical and electrical properties · Common insulating materials such as ceramic, mica, glass, rubber, resins, wax‑varnishes and classification of insulators
Unit 3 · Short notes Energy‑Band Theory and Semiconductor Applications Energy‑band diagram concepts for conductors, semiconductors and insulators · Types of semiconductor materials and their working principles · Temperature‑sensitive semiconductor elements and photoconductive devices · Photovoltaic cells, varistors, Hall‑effect generators, LCDs, light‑dependent resistors and LEDs · Piezo‑electric semiconductor materials, semiconductor lasers and their characteristics · Photo‑conductors, photodiodes, avalanche photodiodes and photo‑transistors
Unit 4 · Short notes Magnetic Materials Classification of magnetic materials – diamagnetism, paramagnetism, ferromagnetism · Magnetisation curves, hysteresis loops and magnetostriction · Factors influencing permeability and hysteresis · Anti‑ferromagnetism and ferromagnetism, magnetic resonance · $B\!\!-$H curves for different magnetic materials, magnetic losses and impurity effects · Soft and hard magnetic materials, ferrites
Unit 5 · Short notes Superconductivity and Advanced Functional Materials Superconductivity and its applications · Materials for MHD generators and thermoelectric generators · Thermionic conductors and physical/electrical properties of SF\(_6\) · Specification of SF\(_6\) gas for GIS applications and its advantages · Nanomaterials, ultralight materials and metallic foams

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