Surveying (CE-303) - Important Questions

Given successive staff readings with instrument shifts and a known RL/BM, calculate reduced levels of points by Height of Instrument (Height of Collimation) method.

Differentiate between prismatic compass and surveyor's compass.

Explain chain survey and obstacles in chaining with sketches.

Define surveying and explain the types/classification of surveying and the fundamental principles of surveying.

Explain the two-point problem of plane tabling with a neat sketch.

Compute area between chain line and irregular boundary from offsets at regular intervals using trapezoidal rule and Simpson's rule.

From fore and back bearings of a closed traverse affected by local attraction, calculate interior/included angles and correct bearings.

State four personal errors and four instrumental errors in levelling.

Explain curvature (and refraction/elevation) correction in levelling and find distance between observer and lighthouse from heights above sea level just visible above horizon.

Explain how details are located by offsets from survey lines, merits of different offset types, and why short offsets are preferred.

Define Longitudinal and cross sectioning level and write a note on importance of Longitudinal and cross sectioning in surveying.

Explain what local attraction is and how it can be detected.

Explain the methods of traversing with/by theodolite, including meaning of traversing

Explain the temporary adjustments (setting up) of a theodolite, including fundamental lines/axes

Explain the working principle of EDM and its types.

Explain the temporary and permanent adjustments of the theodolite

Explain the geometry / parts of theodolite with neat sketch

What is trigonometric levelling? Numerical to determine height of a tower from angle of elevation to top and angle of depression to bottom at a given distance.

Describe the process of repetition and reiteration in theodolite survey

In a closed theodolite traverse where the length of one side and the bearing of an adjacent side are omitted, determine the missing length and missing bearing.

Find missing corrected consecutive coordinates in closed traverse PQRS and compute independent coordinates.

Explain repeating theodolite, direction theodolite and Gale's table.

Describe the process of permanent adjustment in theodolite

Write short notes on latitude and departure, trigonometric leveling, and compound curves.

Derive horizontal distance and vertical elevation formulae for inclined line of sight with vertically held staff.

Determine the reduced level of the instrument station ground from stadia readings on a vertical staff with telescope depressed at $3^{\circ}30'$, given staff intercept, staff station RL, height of instrument, and stadia constants 100 and 0.

Discuss the uses of tacheometry for traversing and contouring.

Derive the tacheometric distance equation $D = ks + c$ for horizontal line of sight with vertical staff.

What is tacheometric surveying / tacheometry and in what circumstances is it preferred?

Numerical problem on tacheometer with inclined line of sight to find horizontal distance and elevation / R.L.

Explain the principle of the stadia tacheometry method.

Differentiate between fixed-hair and movable-hair methods with advantages and disadvantages.

Determine reduced level / elevation by tangential tacheometry from vertical angles to two targets and staff readings.

Define the subtense bar and differentiate between fixed-hair tacheometer and subtense theodolite.

Reduce tacheometric levels with an anallatic tacheometer from multiple instrument and staff stations with vertical angles and staff readings to determine elevations.

Discuss the principle of tacheometry.

Explain/list the elements and notations of a simple circular curve with a neat sketch.

Explain the need/characteristics of a transition curve and derive the equation for an ideal transition curve

Explain the definition, types of vertical curves and their uses/applications.

Explain setting out of a horizontal curve by theodolite using Rankine's method of tangential angles.

Calculate the various elements of a compound curve with radii $350\text{ m}$ and $500\text{ m}$ between two straights with intersection angles $25^\circ$ and $55^\circ$.

Explain the different types of horizontal curves, including circular and reverse curves, with neat sketches and their general uses.

Numerical problem to determine radius, design speed and length of transition curve from super-elevation, centrifugal ratio and rate of gain of radial acceleration

Given apex distance of a $3^{\circ}$ circular curve as $82.45\text{ m}$, determine deflection angle, tangent length and length of long chord.

Define degree of curve and derive the relation between degree of curve and radius of curve.

Given radius and deflection angle of a circular curve, calculate length of curve, tangent length, length of long chord, mid-ordinate, apex distance / chainages.

What are transition curves, their different types and uses?

Calculate all setting-out data including chainages for a compound curve with radii $200\text{ m}$ and $300\text{ m}$ given tangent intersection geometry and chainage of intersection point.

What is sounding in hydrographic surveying and what are its uses?

Determine number of photographs required to cover a given area from photo scale, format and longitudinal and side overlaps.

Calculate ground length PQ from photo coordinates, elevations, focal length and flying height.

Explain factors influencing aerial photography and advantages/disadvantages of aerial photogrammetry.

Explain photogrammetric survey and different types of aerial photographs.

Explain aerial photography and its uses in civil engineering.

Define photogrammetry, its objectives and applications.

Explain the working principle of a nautical sextant with a neat sketch.

Write short notes on sounding equipments, nautical sextant, and tide gauge.

What is meant by relief displacement? Derive the expression for relief displacement.

Describe the procedure involved in marine (hydrographic) survey.

Discuss the sounding cable with a neat sketch.

Explain the indirect method of contouring. What are the advantages and disadvantages of these methods?

Explain characteristic of contours with neat sketches.

Describe about the Necessity, Location of Site for Rain Gauge Station and Measurement of Rainfall using Rain Gauge with a neat sketch.

Discuss about the Following with a neat sketch: Surface Float method

Discuss about the Following with a neat sketch: Pitot tube method