INSTRUMENTATION & CONTROL (ME-402) - Important Questions

Explain the functional elements of a generalized measurement / instrument system with neat block diagram.

Explain what calibration is, the role of measurement standards and traceability, and why calibration is needed and how it is performed.

Explain / discuss the static performance characteristics of measurement systems with diagrams and their impact on accuracy.

Explain error in measurement and discuss the various types and sources of errors in measurements and measuring instruments.

Explain briefly harmonic signal and non-harmonic signal.

Describe first-order and second-order measurement systems with suitable examples.

Discuss dynamic characteristics of instruments, formulate the system equation of a first-order instrument and obtain its step input response.

Explain with sketch the construction and working of a dead-weight pressure gauge/tester, how it provides reference pressure for calibration, and its advantages and limitations.

Explain the principle, construction and working of resistance temperature detectors (electric resistance thermometry) and their applications.

What is a U-tube manometer? Discuss its construction, working and applications.

What does a venturimeter measure? Explain its construction and working principle with neat diagram.

Define orifice meter (including its uses) and discuss its working principle with neat diagram.

Explain the working principle of an electrical resistance strain gauge and define gauge factor.

A 150 Ohm strain gauge is bonded to a steel bar of cross-sectional area 0.5x10^-4 m2 with Young's modulus 200 GN/m2 subjected to tensile load. For the measured change in resistance, determine the gauge factor and strain.

Define control system and explain/differentiate open-loop vs closed-loop (feedback) control systems with block diagrams, examples, advantages and limitations.

Suggest and explain a suitable automatic closed-loop control system with block diagram for maintaining constant water level in a boiler.