IT-803-A Blockchain Technology - Jun 2025 Question Paper

Under each question, How to answer lists the points an answer should cover, outlined by CampusPrep from the syllabus. Check the details against your textbook.

1. 7 Marks
   aExplain why Merkle Trees are important for Blockchain.
   How to answer

   • Define Merkle Tree and Merkle root
   • Efficient transaction verification without full block download
   • Ensures data integrity, tamper detection and SPV
   • Diagram of tree hashing pairs to root
2. 7 Marks
   bDevelop the steps which make essential characteristics of a smart contract.
   How to answer

   • Define smart contract
   • List essential characteristics: self-executing, immutable, decentralized
   • Steps: agreement, coding, deployment, execution, verification
   • Example use case
3. 7 Marks
   aDifferentiate Public Blockchain and Private Blockchain with an example.
   How to answer

   • Define public vs private blockchain
   • Compare access, consensus, examples: Bitcoin vs Hyperledger
   • Tabular differences
   • Example scenario for each
4. 7 Marks
   bDraw and explain the structure of block.
   How to answer

   • Draw block header and body structure
   • Explain fields: prev hash, Merkle root, timestamp, nonce
   • Explain transactions list
   • Linking of blocks via hash
5. 7 Marks
   aExplain the proof of Elapsed time consensus algorithm.
   How to answer

   • Define Proof of Elapsed Time (PoET)
   • Role of Intel SGX and random wait time
   • Steps: attestation, waiting, winning certificate
   • Advantages and limitations
6. 7 Marks
   bExplain Bitcoin Script, the smart contract language of Bitcoin.
   How to answer

   • Define Bitcoin Script purpose and stack-based nature
   • Types of opcodes and P2PKH example
   • Transaction locking and unlocking scripts
   • Limitations vs full smart contracts
7. 7 Marks
   aDescribe about working with Consensus in Bitcoin in detail.
   How to answer

   • Define consensus need in Bitcoin
   • Proof of Work, longest chain rule
   • Mining, validation and fork resolution
   • 51% attack and finality concept
8. 7 Marks
   bExplain Block mining including the different types of mining.
   How to answer

   • Define block mining and its purpose
   • Steps: transaction collection, PoW, broadcast
   • Types: solo, pool, cloud, ASIC/GPU mining
   • Difficulty adjustment and rewards
9. 7 Marks
   aGive the various types of consensus protocol for permissioned blockchain networks?
   How to answer

   • Define permissioned blockchain consensus needs
   • List PBFT, Raft, PoET, Kafka/Raft-based ordering
   • Suitability for Hyperledger Fabric
   • Comparison of fault tolerance
10. 7 Marks
    bIllustrate about Raft Algorithm.
    How to answer

    • Define Raft as crash fault tolerant consensus
    • Leader election, log replication, safety
    • Roles: leader, follower, candidate
    • Use in permissioned / Fabric ordering
11. 7 Marks
    aExplain the traditional mortgage process and working of blockchain mortgage.
    How to answer

    • Steps of traditional mortgage: application, verification, intermediaries
    • Blockchain mortgage: smart contracts, tokenization
    • Differences in time, cost, transparency
    • Example workflow
12. 7 Marks
    bCompare the improvement of blockchain of supply chain finance.
    How to answer

    • Define supply chain finance problems
    • Blockchain improvements: transparency, traceability
    • Smart contract based financing and fraud reduction
    • Comparison before vs after blockchain
13. 7 Marks
    aApply the industry use cases for Hyperledger fabric.
    How to answer

    • Define Hyperledger Fabric architecture
    • Industry cases: supply chain, healthcare, finance
    • Benefits: permissioned, channels, chaincode
    • Example deployment
14. 7 Marks
    bInterpret about blockchain identity management system.
    How to answer

    • Define decentralized identity management
    • Working: DIDs, verifiable credentials
    • Advantages over centralized identity
    • Example use case
15. 7 Marks
    aExplain in detail about ripple and corda.
    How to answer

    • Define Ripple (XRP Ledger) consensus and use
    • Define Corda architecture for enterprises
    • Key features and differences
    • Use cases in payments and finance
16. 7 Marks
    bInterpret the writing smart contract using Hyperledger Fabric.
    How to answer

    • Define chaincode/smart contract in Fabric
    • Steps: setup, write Go/Node chaincode, install, instantiate
    • Endorsement and invocation flow
    • Simple example snippet