IT-405 Database Management System - Jun 2026 Question Paper

Under each question, How to answer lists the points an answer should cover, outlined by CampusPrep from the syllabus. Check the details against your textbook.

1. 7 Marks
   aExplain the architecture of a database system.
   How to answer

   • Define database system and need for architecture
   • Explain three-schema architecture: external, conceptual, internal
   • Explain mappings and data independence
   • Diagram of architecture with users and DBA
2. 7 Marks
   bDescribe the functions and responsibilities of the Database Administrator (DBA).
   How to answer

   • Define DBA role
   • List functions: schema definition, storage, authorization, routine maintenance
   • Responsibilities: backup, recovery, performance tuning, security
   • Liaison with users and system administration
3. 7 Marks
   aExplain entities, attributes, entity types and relationships.
   How to answer

   • Define entity, entity type, entity set with examples
   • Define attributes: types - simple, composite, multivalued, derived
   • Define relationship, relationship type, degree, cardinality
   • Give example E-R illustration
4. 7 Marks
   bExplain an Entity-Relationship (E-R) diagram for a suitable database application.
   How to answer

   • Define E-R diagram symbols: rectangle, ellipse, diamond
   • Choose suitable application e.g. university/company
   • Show entities, attributes, keys, relationships with cardinality
   • Neat labelled E-R diagram
5. 7 Marks
   aExplain the relational data model with domains and relations.
   How to answer

   • Define relational model: relation, tuple, attribute
   • Explain domains and domain constraints
   • Explain schema, instance, keys
   • Example relation/table illustration
6. 7 Marks
   bDiscuss relational algebra operators with suitable examples.
   How to answer

   • List basic operators: select, project, union, set difference, cartesian product, rename
   • Explain additional operators: join, intersection, division
   • Give suitable example tables and results
   • Mention procedural nature of algebra
7. 7 Marks
   aExplain SQL data definition and data manipulation statements.
   How to answer

   • Define SQL DDL: CREATE, ALTER, DROP with syntax
   • Define DML: SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE with syntax
   • Distinguish DDL vs DML effect
   • Give example statements
8. 7 Marks
   bDiscuss views, query processing and compare the features of ORACLE.
   How to answer

   • Define views: virtual tables, creation and uses
   • Outline query processing steps: parsing, optimization, execution
   • List ORACLE features: architecture, data types, security
   • Compare features discussion
9. 7 Marks
   aExplain trivial and non-trivial functional dependencies.
   How to answer

   • Define functional dependency X -> Y
   • Define trivial FD with Y subset of X and example
   • Define non-trivial FD with example
   • Mention inference and closure relevance
10. 7 Marks
    bDiscuss normalization up to BCNF with dependency preservation.
    How to answer

    • Define normalization purpose and 1NF, 2NF, 3NF briefly
    • Define BCNF condition
    • Explain dependency preservation concept
    • Discuss decomposition to BCNF with example
11. 7 Marks
    aExplain Fourth Normal Form (4NF) and Fifth Normal Form (5NF).
    How to answer

    • Define multivalued and join dependencies
    • State 4NF condition with example
    • State 5NF / PJNF condition with example
    • Mention when to use higher normal forms
12. 7 Marks
    bDiscuss the process of relational database decomposition with suitable examples.
    How to answer

    • Define decomposition need: anomalies
    • Explain lossless-join and dependency preserving decomposition
    • Describe testing criteria and steps
    • Give suitable example decomposition
13. 7 Marks
    aExplain transaction processing and the properties of transactions.
    How to answer

    • Define transaction and processing states
    • Explain ACID properties: atomicity, consistency, isolation, durability
    • Describe commit, rollback, schedules
    • Give example transaction
14. 7 Marks
    bDiscuss concurrency control and concurrency control without locking.
    How to answer

    • Define concurrency need and problems
    • Explain locking methods: shared, exclusive, 2PL
    • Explain non-locking methods: timestamp, optimistic, MVCC
    • Compare locking vs non-locking
15. 7 Marks
    aExplain database protection and security mechanisms.
    How to answer

    • Define database security goals
    • Explain authentication, authorization, access control
    • Explain encryption, views, auditing
    • Mention threats and countermeasures
16. 7 Marks
    bWrite short notes on distributed databases and object-oriented database systems.
    How to answer

    • Define distributed database: types and advantages
    • Define object-oriented database: objects, inheritance
    • List features, applications, challenges
    • Concise structured short notes for both