IT-304 Object Oriented Programming and Methodology - Nov 2022 Question Paper

Under each question, How to answer lists the points an answer should cover, outlined by CampusPrep from the syllabus. Check the details against your textbook.

1. 7 Marks
   aWhat is inheritance? What is the importance of inheritance? Differentiate between multilevel and multiple inheritance with suitable example.
   How to answer

   • Define inheritance and its importance (code reuse, extensibility)
   • Explain multilevel inheritance with syntax/class diagram
   • Explain multiple inheritance with syntax/class diagram
   • Provide code example highlighting differences
2. 7 Marks
   bHow is Data Encapsulation different from Information Hiding? Explain with example.
   How to answer

   • Define Data Encapsulation (binding data and methods together)
   • Define Information Hiding (restricting access to internal state using private/protected)
   • Key differences tabular comparison
   • Illustrative C++ code example demonstrating both concepts
3. 7 Marks
   aWhat is the difference between overloading and overriding? How is binding used in polymorphism? Explain with example.
   How to answer

   • Differentiate function overloading and function overriding (compile-time vs run-time)
   • Explain early/static binding vs late/dynamic binding
   • Show role of dynamic binding in polymorphism (virtual functions)
   • Provide code examples illustrating both
4. 7 Marks
   bWhat are the concepts or techniques used in object-oriented concept to handling complexity of system?
   How to answer

   • List key OOP techniques for complexity management: Abstraction, Encapsulation, Modularity, Hierarchy
   • Explain Abstraction (managing conceptual complexity)
   • Explain Encapsulation (reducing coupling, hiding implementation details)
   • Explain Modularity and Inheritance/Hierarchy (decomposition and reuse)
5. 7 Marks
   aWrite C++ function to overloaded versions of a Max function which compares two integers, two reals, or two strings, and returns the 'larger' one.
   How to answer

   • Define int Max(int a, int b)
   • Define double Max(double a, double b)
   • Define string Max(string a, string b)
   • Provide a small driver main() function showing invocations
6. 7 Marks
   bWhat is friend function? Explain application of friend function with the suitable example?
   How to answer

   • Define friend function and its declaration syntax with friend keyword
   • Properties: non-member, can access private/protected members
   • Common applications (bridging two classes, stream operator overloading)
   • Complete C++ code example demonstrating its use
7. 7 Marks
   a

   Write C++ programs to validation of the examination marks is to be done. The range of exam marks is between 65 and 100 (both inclusive). This is to be done by including a validate method in Student class.

   Student class
   +---------------------------------+
   | Student                         |
   +---------------------------------+
   
   | ......                          |
   |---|
   | ......                          |
   +---------------------------------+
   | +validateExamMarks() : Boolean  |
   +---------------------------------+
   

   How to answer

   • Declare class Student with attribute for marks
   • Implement setter/getter or constructor to assign marks
   • Implement bool validateExamMarks() checking if marks >= 65 && marks <= 100
   • Write main() to test valid and invalid mark values
8. 7 Marks
   b

   Write a class in C++ which stores the marks of 3 subjects of a student. Provide methods to set the marks and get the values of the marks. Also, provide a method called getResults(), which prints the grade of the students. Grade is calculated as shown in the table given below :

   Average of 3 subjects	Grade
   80 to 100	A
   65 to 79	B
   50 to 64	C
   40 to 49	D
   0 to 39	E

   How to answer

   • Define class with private members for three subject marks
   • Implement setMarks(...) and getMarks(...)
   • Implement getResults() calculating average = (m1+m2+m3)/3.0
   • Add if-else ladder matching average to grades A, B, C, D, E
   • Demonstrate working in main()
9. 7 Marks
   aWe had several Branch Id's related to the various branches of engineering in the college. The fees to be paid are different for different branches. Write C++ programs to calculate the fees based on branch by using an array.
   How to answer

   • Declare arrays to store Branch IDs and corresponding fees
   • Take user input for branch ID
   • Search the array for the matching ID and retrieve fee
   • Display the calculated fee or error if branch ID is invalid
10. 7 Marks
    bDefine a class named Complex for representing complex numbers. A complex number has the general form $a + ib$, where $a$ is the real part and $b$ is the imaginary part ($i$ stands for imaginary). Complex arithmetic rules are as follows: $$(a + ib) + (c + id) = (a + c) + i(b + d)$$ $$(a + ib) - (c + id) = (a + c) - i(b + d)$$ $$(a + ib) * (c + id) = (ac - bd) + i(bc + ad)$$ Define these operations as member functions of Complex.
    How to answer

    • Define class Complex with double real and double imag data members
    • Provide constructors (default and parameterized)
    • Implement member function/operator+ for addition: real + c.real, imag + c.imag
    • Implement member function/operator- for subtraction (note printed rule: (a-c) + i(b-d))
    • Implement member function/operator* for multiplication: (ac - bd) + i(bc + ad)
    • Provide display() method to print in a + ib form
11. 7 Marks
    aWrite a class Survey Operator derived from Person. This class has the following additional members: Data Members: NumberOfCalls, NumberOfSuccessfulCalls, TotalTime, Available Operations: GetNumberOfCalls, GetNumberOfSuccessfulCalls, SetAvailable, MakeCall Define appropriate constructors for this class. Remember the fact that the base class Person does not have a default constructor and needs an explicit invocation using super().
    How to answer

    • Define or assume base class Person with parameterized constructor
    • Define derived class SurveyOperator inheriting from Person
    • Declare data members: NumberOfCalls, NumberOfSuccessfulCalls, TotalTime, Available
    • Implement constructor with member initializer list invoking Person(...)
    • Implement member functions: GetNumberOfCalls(), GetNumberOfSuccessfulCalls(), SetAvailable(), MakeCall()
12. 7 Marks
    bCreate a class called Employee whose objects are records for an employee. This class will be derived class of the class Person which you will have to copy into a file of your own and compile. An employee record has an employee's name (inherited from the class Person), an annual salary represented as a single value of type double, a year the employee started work as a single value of type int and a national insurance number, which is a value of type String. Your class should have a reasonable number of constructors and accessor methods, as well as an equals method. Write a main( ) method to fully test your class definition.
    How to answer

    • Define class Person with name and accessors
    • Derive class Employee with annualSalary (double), startYear (int), nationalInsuranceNumber (string)
    • Implement default and parameterized constructors invoking Person constructor
    • Implement accessor (getter) methods for all fields
    • Implement bool equals(const Employee& other) comparing all fields
    • Implement main() testing object creation, accessors, and equals comparison
13. 7 Marks
    aWrite a C++ program to initialize base class members through a derived class constructor.
    How to answer

    • Define base class Base with private/protected member and parameterized constructor
    • Define derived class Derived inheriting from Base
    • Use member initialization list in Derived constructor: Derived(...) : Base(...) { ... }
    • Provide main() to instantiate Derived and demonstrate base member initialization
14. 7 Marks
    bWhat is the ambiguity that arises in multiple inheritance? How it can be overcome. Explain with example.
    How to answer

    • Explain ambiguity in multiple inheritance (diamond problem, duplicate member names)
    • Explain resolution using scope resolution operator (Class::member)
    • Explain resolution using virtual base classes (`virtual public Base`)
    • Illustrate with class diagram and complete C++ program
15. 14 Marks
    Create a base class, Telephone, and derive a class ElectronicPhone from it. In Telephone, create a protected string member phonetype, and a public method Ring( ) that outputs a text message like this: "Ringing the <phonetype>." In ElectronicPhone, the constructor should set the phonetype to "Digital." In the Run( ) method, call Ring( ) on the ElectronicPhone to test the inheritance. For above specification to illustrate a polymorphic method. Have the derived class override the Ring( ) method to display a different message.
    How to answer

    • Declare base class Telephone with protected string phonetype and virtual void Ring()
    • Derive class ElectronicPhone : public Telephone
    • In ElectronicPhone constructor, set phonetype = "Digital"
    • Override Ring() in ElectronicPhone with a custom output message
    • Implement a Run() method or testing function to demonstrate dynamic polymorphism using a Telephone pointer/reference