EX-803-B Environmental Issues, Policy, Standards and Regulations - May 2023 Question Paper

Under each question, How to answer lists the points an answer should cover, outlined by CampusPrep from the syllabus. Check the details against your textbook.

1. 8 Marks
   aWhat is Climate Change and describe the factors responsible for the same.
   How to answer

   • Definition of climate change and global warming context
   • Natural factors: solar variation, volcanic activity, orbital changes
   • Anthropogenic factors: GHG emissions, deforestation, industrialization
   • Impacts and need for mitigation
2. 6 Marks
   bExplain Prototype Carbon Fund.
   How to answer

   • Introduction to Prototype Carbon Fund by World Bank
   • Objective: carbon finance and emission reduction
   • Working mechanism and participants
   • Significance for developing countries
3. 14 Marks
   Explain in detail about "Global Program for protected area management".
   How to answer

   • Concept of protected areas and need for global program
   • Objectives and components of Global Program
   • Role of IUCN, CBD, UNESCO
   • Management strategies and challenges
4. 7 Marks
   aDescribe in detail about Physical parameters of drinking water.
   How to answer

   • List of physical parameters: temperature, turbidity, colour, taste, odour, TSS
   • Permissible limits as per standards
   • Health and aesthetic significance
   • Measurement methods
5. 7 Marks
   bDescribe in detail about chemical parameters of drinking water.
   How to answer

   • List of chemical parameters: pH, hardness, TDS, chlorides, fluorides, heavy metals
   • Permissible limits and health effects
   • Sources of chemical contamination
   • Testing methods
6. 14 Marks
   How do you define pollution as per Water Act 1974, what are the salient features of the Act?
   How to answer

   • Definition of pollution under Section 2(e) of Water Act 1974
   • Objectives and scope of the Act
   • Salient features: Boards, consent mechanism, powers, penalties
   • Amendments and significance
7. 9 Marks
   aWhat are Solar cells? Draw a diagram and enumerate its applications.
   How to answer

   • Definition and working principle of solar cell / photovoltaic effect
   • Neat labelled diagram of solar cell
   • Construction and materials used
   • Applications: lighting, pumping, grid, space
8. 5 Marks
   bDiscuss the merits and demerits of wind energy.
   How to answer

   • Merits: clean, renewable, low operating cost, no emissions
   • Demerits: intermittent, high capital cost, land and noise issues
   • Comparison in tabular form
   • Conclusion on suitability
9. 14 Marks
   Write down salient features of the Municipal Solid Waste (Management and Handling) Rules, 1998.
   How to answer

   • Background and applicability of MSW Rules 1998
   • Responsibilities of municipalities and waste generators
   • Collection, segregation, storage and disposal provisions
   • Treatment options and penalties
10. 7 Marks
    aWhat is Kyoto Protocol? And also explain the limitations of Kyoto Protocol.
    How to answer

    • Background and objectives of Kyoto Protocol
    • Binding emission targets and mechanisms: CDM, JI, ET
    • Limitations: non-participation, limited coverage, compliance issues
11. 7 Marks
    bDiscuss about the problems faced in exploiting tidal energy.
    How to answer

    • Principle of tidal energy and site requirements
    • Problems: high capital cost, intermittent, corrosion
    • Environmental impacts on marine ecosystem
    • Limited suitable sites and transmission issues
12. 14 Marks
    Write a short note on any two of the following.

    1. i)Sustainable development
    2. ii)Green certificate
    3. iii)CPCB
    4. iv)Waste water Effluent standards
    How to answer

    • Select any two topics from the list
    • Definition, objectives and key provisions for each
    • Relevance to environmental policy and standards
    • Concluding significance