EX-803-B Environmental Issues, Policy, Standards and Regulations - May 2022 Question Paper

Under each question, How to answer lists the points an answer should cover, outlined by CampusPrep from the syllabus. Check the details against your textbook.

1. 7 Marks
   aExplain the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change.
   How to answer

   • Definition and objective of UNFCCC
   • Key principles - common but differentiated responsibilities, precautionary approach
   • Commitments of Annex I and non-Annex I parties, COP mechanism
   • Role in climate negotiations and protocols
2. 7 Marks
   bWhat are climate change phenomena and describe the factors that are responsible for that.
   How to answer

   • Define climate change phenomena
   • Natural factors - solar, volcanic, orbital variations
   • Anthropogenic factors - GHG emissions, deforestation, industrialization
   • Impacts and examples
3. 14 Marks
   Write short notes on

   1. i)Kyoto Protocol
   2. ii)Earth Summit
   How to answer

   • Kyoto Protocol - adoption, objective, binding targets, mechanisms
   • Earth Summit (Rio 1992) - Agenda 21, Rio Declaration, UNFCCC, CBD
   • Significance for sustainable development
   • India and global participation
4. 7 Marks
   aWrite down different Strategies for environmental improvement.
   How to answer

   • Pollution prevention, cleaner production strategies
   • Regulatory, economic and voluntary instruments
   • EIA, environmental audit, life-cycle assessment
   • Public awareness, afforestation, waste management
5. 7 Marks
   bExplain basic features of ISO 14000.
   How to answer

   • ISO 14000 series for environmental management
   • EMS, auditing, labelling, performance evaluation
   • Voluntary, generic and proactive nature
   • Benefits for industry and compliance
6. 14 Marks
   Give brief details about

   1. i)IPCCC
   2. ii)CPCB
   How to answer

   • IPCCC - constitution, objective, assessment reports
   • CPCB - establishment under Water Act, functions
   • Standards setting, monitoring and enforcement roles
   • Significance in Indian environmental governance
7. 14 Marks
   Define the pollution as per water Act, 1974. Also write the salient features of this Act.
   How to answer

   • Definition of pollution under Section 2(e) of Water Act, 1974
   • Objectives and scope of the Act
   • Central and State Boards, consent mechanism
   • Powers, penalties and salient features
8. 7 Marks
   aExplain Wastewater Effluent Standards.
   How to answer

   • Meaning of wastewater effluent standards
   • Parameters - BOD, COD, TSS, pH, oil and grease
   • Industry-wise discharge limits
   • Monitoring and compliance
9. 7 Marks
   bDescribe Minimal National Standards (MINAS)
   How to answer

   • MINAS - concept and evolution by CPCB
   • Minimal national standards for industries
   • Uniform effluent and emission norms
   • Examples and implementation
10. 7 Marks
    aWrite salient features of M. P. State Environment Policy.
    How to answer

    • Objectives of M.P. State Environment Policy
    • Conservation, pollution control provisions
    • Role of state agencies and public participation
    • Sustainable development focus
11. 7 Marks
    bDiscuss about the problem faced in exploiting Tidal energy.
    How to answer

    • Principle of tidal energy generation
    • Site-specific, intermittent and high capital cost issues
    • Corrosion, siltation and ecological impacts
    • Transmission and technology challenges
12. 7 Marks
    aGive merits and demerits of Wind Energy.
    How to answer

    • Wind energy as clean renewable source
    • Merits - no fuel, low operating cost, eco-friendly
    • Demerits - intermittent, noise, land and bird impacts
    • Suitability and limitations
13. 7 Marks
    bExplain Solar Cell with its diagram. Also writes its application.
    How to answer

    • Construction and working principle of solar cell - p-n junction
    • Neat labelled diagram showing layers, load and sunlight
    • Photovoltaic conversion steps
    • Applications - street lighting, pumps, satellites, rural electrification