EX-703-B Energy Audit and Management - Dec 2024 Question Paper

Under each question, How to answer lists the points an answer should cover, outlined by CampusPrep from the syllabus. Check the details against your textbook.

1. 7 Marks
   aWhat is environmental aspects of energy utilization in renewable and non-renewable energy sources? Explain the elements of systematic environmental assessment.
   How to answer

   • Define environmental aspects of energy use for renewable vs non-renewable sources
   • Explain impacts: emissions, land, water, waste, ecology
   • List and explain elements/steps of systematic environmental assessment
2. 7 Marks
   bDefine energy management. Distinguish between 'preliminary energy audit' and 'detailed energy audit'.
   How to answer

   • Define energy management: objectives and scope
   • Define preliminary energy audit: scope and purpose
   • Define detailed energy audit: scope and purpose
   • Distinguish on basis of depth, data, time, cost, outcome
3. 7 Marks
   aDefine energy audit. Also discuss about the various duties and responsibilities of energy auditor.
   How to answer

   • Define energy audit
   • Role of energy auditor
   • List duties and responsibilities
   • Explain audit activities and reporting
4. 7 Marks
   bWhat are the benefits of Power Factor (PF) improvement? During June-2023, the plant has recorded a maximum demand of $700 \text{ kVA}$ and average PF is observed to be $0.85$ lag, the minimum average PF to be maintained is $0.90$ lag as per the independent utility supplier and every one % dip in PF attracts a penalty of Rs $15,000$/in each month. Calculate new kVA and the improvement in PF for July-2023 by installing $100 \text{ kVAr}$ capacitors.
   How to answer

   • List benefits of power factor improvement: demand, losses, voltage, penalty avoidance
   • Compute kW from 700 kVA at 0.85 pf, kVAr1, kVAr2 after 100 kVAr compensation
   • Calculate new kVA and new pf
   • Comment on penalty relief for July-2023
5. 7 Marks
   aExplain in detail the best location for capacitors banks for power factor improvement from energy conservation point of view.
   How to answer

   • Explain need for capacitor location for loss reduction and voltage
   • Compare locations: motor terminals, distribution board, main bus
   • Discuss best location from energy conservation view
   • Mention practical constraints
6. 7 Marks
   bWhat is the difference between HT and LT Line? Describe the advantages and disadvantages of low power factor, as well as the reasons for it.
   How to answer

   • Define HT and LT lines with voltage levels
   • Differentiate on construction, insulation, application
   • List causes of low power factor
   • Explain advantages/disadvantages and effects of low pf
7. 7 Marks
   aWhat are effects of harmonics? Explain harmonic distortion evaluation procedure?
   How to answer

   • Define harmonics and harmonic distortion
   • List effects on motors, transformers, capacitors, metering
   • Outline distortion evaluation procedure: measurement, THD, standards
   • Mention mitigation viewpoint
8. 7 Marks
   bThe efficiency of a boiler on GCV basis is $90\%$. The fuel contains $1.5\%$ moisture and $15\%$ hydrogen. The GCV of fuel is $11,500 \text{ Kcal/kg}$. What is the boiler efficiency on the basis of net calorific value?
   How to answer

   • Recall GCV vs NCV relation with moisture and hydrogen losses
   • Compute NCV from GCV 11500 Kcal/kg
   • Convert 90% efficiency on GCV basis to NCV basis
   • State boiler efficiency on NCV basis >100%? check
9. 7 Marks
   aExplain why low pressure steam is more efficient? What are the advantages of using minimum excess air for combustion for a furnace application? How it can be achieved?
   How to answer

   • Explain why low pressure steam is more efficient: latent heat, losses
   • List advantages of minimum excess air: fuel saving, temperature, emissions
   • Explain how to achieve: O2 monitoring, burner tuning, control
10. 7 Marks
    bWhat do you mean by "Economic thickness of insulation"? Also explain the process of condensate recovery and flash steam utilization.
    How to answer

    • Define economic thickness of insulation: cost vs heat loss optimum
    • Explain condensate recovery process and benefits
    • Explain flash steam formation and utilization
11. 7 Marks
    aWhat is the fan design and selection criteria? Also explain the fan performance evaluation and efficient system operation.
    How to answer

    • List fan types and design/selection criteria: flow, pressure, efficiency
    • Explain fan performance evaluation: testing, curves, laws
    • Describe efficient system operation: VSD, control, maintenance
12. 7 Marks
    bWhat is the factors affecting pump performance? Also explain the energy conservation opportunities in pumping systems.
    How to answer

    • List factors affecting pump performance: head, flow, speed, cavitation, wear
    • Explain pump curves and efficiency
    • List energy conservation opportunities: impeller trimming, VSD, staging, maintenance
13. 7 Marks
    aWhat is basic concept of ESCO? Also explain the payback period and its merits and demerits.
    How to answer

    • Define ESCO concept and business model
    • Define payback period with formula
    • Explain merits and demerits of payback period
14. 7 Marks
    bWhat are advantages of NPV method over Simple Payback Period method? Calculate Net Present Value (NPV) for an investment towards a LED Lamp having life of 2 years. The discount rate is $15\%$ per year. The cost of lamp is Rs. 2000. Due to investment, annual savings in first year and second year is Rs. 22000 each.
    How to answer

    • Compare NPV vs Simple Payback: time value, cash flows, decision
    • Compute discounted savings for year 1 and 2 at 15%
    • Subtract initial cost Rs 2000 to get NPV
    • Conclude viability
15. 14 Marks
    Write short notes on: (any Two)

    1. a)Various types of instruments and monitoring systems used for energy auditing.
    2. b)Concept of furnace and its classifications.
    3. c)Various losses in a transformer and how to minimized
    4. d)Discount period and net present value.
    How to answer

    • Select any two topics from four options
    • Give definition, key points, diagram/flow where relevant
    • Mention energy auditing relevance
    • Conclude with applications/benefits