Operating Systems (CY-404) - Important Questions

Explain the services provided by an operating system to users and applications.

Discuss the characteristics and features of the operating system.

Explain the evolution of operating systems in detail and its impact on computing.

List and explain the types of system calls

Explain how the operating system ensures security and protection, including mechanisms used.

Explain utility programs supported in the operating system

With a neat sketch explain the structure of an operating system.

Write short notes on any two: utility programs, virtual concurrency, paged segmentation, file systems in UNIX

Discuss the functions of operating system.

What are the advantages and disadvantages of using the same system call interface for manipulating both files and devices?

Define what a thread is and compare user-level vs kernel-level threads, including differences, advantages and disadvantages.

Explain how semaphores solve the critical section problem, including definition, wait/signal operations and illustrative example.

Explain the SJF and Priority CPU scheduling algorithms with examples.

Define deadlock and explain the necessary conditions for deadlock and methods for deadlock prevention.

Explain the dual mode of process execution and why it's necessary.

Describe the concept of a process-based kernel and its advantages.

Given processes with arrival times and burst times, draw the Gantt chart and calculate average waiting time / completion time using Shortest Job First scheduling.

Explain the working of deadlock prevention techniques.

Explain the Peterson solution for critical section problem.

Write and explain the process states with a neat sketch.

Given processes with burst times and priorities arriving at time 0, calculate turnaround time for each process using Priority scheduling.

Write and explain the Banker's algorithm for deadlock avoidance.

Calculate the number of page faults for the given reference string using FIFO and LRU page replacement with a given number of frames.

Define virtual memory and explain the advantages / benefits of virtual memory technique.

Describe / explain FIFO and LRU page replacement algorithms with examples.

Discuss memory management in UNIX and Windows operating systems.

What is the concept of Overlay? How it is useful in executing large programs?

Explain the concept and need of demand paging with diagram.

Explain segmentation in detail with an example.

Discuss the advantages of segmentation over paging.

Differentiate between internal fragmentation and external fragmentation.

Explain the procedure that ensures protection using paging.

Define Belady's anomaly and explain why it happens with an example.

Write short notes on memory management in UNIX.

Discuss contiguous file allocation method, including its advantages and disadvantages (in comparison to linked allocation).

Calculate total head movement for FCFS disk scheduling given current head at track 143, previous at 125, and FIFO queue 86, 147, 91, 177, 94, 150, 102, 175, 130 on 0-199 tracks.

Describe the file system structure. Explain the roles of different file system modules.

Write detailed notes on SSTF, SCAN and C-SCAN disk scheduling algorithms.

Compare the file systems in UNIX and Windows in terms of structure and performance.

Explain the indexed file allocation method for disk space with examples.

List and explain the various File protection methods.

Discuss in the disk performance parameters with examples.

Explain the following commands: lseek, stat and ioctl with examples.

Explain FCFS and SSTF disk scheduling algorithms with examples.

Explain two-level directory structure with relevant diagram.

Discuss the linked file allocation method for disk space.

Differentiate between distributed and multiprocessor operating systems.

Explain asynchronous operations in I/O management in detail.

Explain the logical structure of I/O function with an example.

Discuss the structure and functions of the Kernel I/O subsystem.

What is asynchronous I/O and how does it differ from synchronous I/O?

Explain the key characteristics of a network operating system and how they differ from a traditional operating system.

Explain interrupt-driven I/O techniques.

Write short notes on I/O buffering, Kernel I/O subsystem, concurrent I/O, and interrupt-driven I/O.

Write short notes on any two

Write short notes on any two of the following.

Write short notes on any two of the following:

With a neat diagram, explain the layered structures of UNIX operating system.