Computer Networks (CY-403) - Important Questions

Define transmission media and compare and contrast guided vs unguided transmission media.

Explain the ISO-OSI reference model, its layers and functions, with architecture diagram and importance.

Explain the ISO-OSI reference model in detail and compare it with the TCP/IP model based on layer functionalities and real-world implementation.

Calculate the maximum bit rate of a noiseless channel using the Nyquist formula given bandwidth and bits per signal level.

Explain the principles and operation of circuit switching, packet switching and message switching.

Describe each of the seven layers of the ISO/OSI model. For each layer explain its function and provide examples of protocols and devices associated with it.

What is Shannon's Theorem and what does it state about the maximum data rate of a communication channel? Establish a relationship between channel capacity, bandwidth and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) according to Shannon's Theorem.

Difference between server based and Peer to Peer Networking.

Explain the terms Nyquist bit rate and Shannon capacity.

Explain network topological design with necessary diagram and brief the advantages and disadvantages of various topologies.

Calculate total transmission time for sending multiple packets from source to destination via intermediate routers given propagation delay, data size, bandwidth and header size.

Perform CRC computation to find the checksum/codeword for given data and generator polynomial.

Explain the Stop-and-Wait protocol and Sliding Window protocol, including sender and receiver buffer management.

Discuss static Vs dynamic channel allocation. Compare ALOHA, slotted ALOHA and CSMA protocols.

Why is error control necessary in data communication? Describe the methods used for error detection and correction in the Data Link Layer.

How does ALOHA handle contention among multiple devices trying to access the shared channel? Give the advantages and limitations of the pure ALOHA protocol.

Explain MAC and the working of all CSMA protocols

List the functions of the Data Link Layer and calculate TDM frame size in bits and aggregate data rate for multiplexing channels of given bit rates with no synchronization bits.

Explain purpose of Hamming code and construct Hamming code for a given bit sequence.

Derive the relationship between transmission delay and propagation delay for at least 50% efficiency in Stop-and-Wait protocol.

Discuss the design issues in the data link layer and its protocols based on the layering principle.

Explain CSMA/CD in detail

Differentiate between connection-oriented (virtual circuit) and connectionless (datagram) communication/subnets.

Describe IEEE 802.3, IEEE 802.4 and IEEE 802.5 LAN standards in terms of access methods, performance and topology.

Compare and contrast the operations of hubs, switches, bridges, routers and gateways.

Explain remote bridging. What challenges arise in implementing remote bridges in large LANs?

Describe the key features and characteristics of the IEEE 802.3 Ethernet standard.

Explain what a network switch is, its role in networking, and how it builds and maintains its MAC address table.

What are the primary design issues in the Network Layer and also discuss the main functions performed by the Network Layer?

Explain the working of the IEEE 802.4 token bus standard and its frame format.

Calculate the propagation time for a bit to complete a trip around a token ring of given length and propagation speed.

Explain what ICMP is and discuss its role in network layer communication, including the types of information conveyed by ICMP messages.

Explain Distance Vector Routing (DVR) with a working example in detail.

Write a short note on (any two) :

Discuss the working of link state routing and distance vector routing algorithms with their convergence speed and scalability.

Describe classful IP addressing and discuss the limitations that led to CIDR and classless addressing.

Explain the concept of Shortest Path Routing with suitable example. Also discuss the advantages and limitations of Shortest Path Routing.

Explain the role of each layer in the TCP/IP protocol stack with layered architecture.

Explain any two unicast static and dynamic routing Algorithms.

Describe subnet mask and explain the different classes of IP addresses.

Discuss Internet service standards for TCP/IP and the standardization process for RFCs.

Explain the working of the Domain Name System (DNS) and how it resolves domain names to IP addresses (and vice versa) using hierarchical servers, addressing and caching.

Design subnets for a given IPv4 network, determining subnet addresses, usable host IP ranges and broadcast addresses.

Compare connection establishment and release in TCP using three-way and four-way handshakes. Why is graceful termination important?

What is load shedding and how does it relate to congestion control? Discuss some techniques used for load shedding in the Transport Layer.

Explain the various congestion control Algorithms.

What is the format of an email? Explain the architecture of a mailing system.

Give reasons for congestion in a network and explain the purpose of the Domain Name System.

Write a short note on any two :

Describe Frame Relay Protocol architecture and explain the function of each one.

Write Technical short note on any two: