CSE 4th Semester Syllabus

Unit 1Numerical Methods – 1

Solution of polynomial and transcendental equations · Bisection method · Newton-Raphson method · Regula-Falsi method · Finite differences · Relation between operators · Interpolation using Newton’s forward and backward difference formulae · Interpolation with unequal intervals · Newton’s divided difference · Lagrange’s formulae

Unit 2Numerical Methods – 2

Numerical Differentiation · Numerical integration · Trapezoidal rule · Simpson’s 1/3rd and 3/8 rules · Solution of Simultaneous Linear Algebraic Equations by Gauss’s Elimination · Gauss’s Jordan · Crout’s methods · Jacobi’s · Gauss-Seidal · Relaxation method

Unit 3Numerical Methods – 3

Ordinary differential equations · Taylor’s series · Euler and modified Euler’s methods · RungeKutta method of fourth order · Milne’s and Adam’s predicator-corrector methods · Partial differential equations · Finite difference solution two dimensional Laplace equation · Poission equation · Bender-Schmidt method · Crank-Nicholson method · Finite difference explicit method for wave equation

Unit 4Transform Calculus

Laplace Transform · Properties of Laplace Transform · Laplace transform of periodic functions · Finding inverse Laplace transform · Convolution theorem · Evaluation of integrals by Laplace transform · Solving ODEs by Laplace Transform method · Fourier transforms

Unit 5Concept of Probability

Probability Mass function · Probability Density Function · Discrete Distribution: Binomial · Poisson’s · Continuous Distribution · Normal Distribution · Exponential Distribution

Unit 6== END OF UNITS==

Unit 1Fundamentals of Algorithms and Asymptotic Analysis

Definition and classification of algorithms · Designing algorithms · Analyzing algorithms · Asymptotic notations (O, Ω, Θ, o, ω) · Heap data structure · Heap sort algorithm

Unit 2Divide and Conquer Techniques

Principles of divide and conquer · Binary search algorithm · Merge sort algorithm · Quick sort algorithm · Strassen’s matrix multiplication

Unit 3Greedy Algorithms

Greedy strategy concept · Optimal merge patterns · Huffman coding · Minimum spanning trees (Kruskal and Prim) · Knapsack problem (greedy approach) · Job sequencing with deadlines · Single source shortest path algorithms (e.g., Dijkstra’s)

Unit 4Dynamic Programming

Dynamic programming paradigm · 0/1 knapsack problem using DP · Multistage graph problems · Reliability design problems · Floyd‑Warshall all‑pairs shortest path algorithm

Unit 5Backtracking, Branch & Bound and Parallel Algorithms

Backtracking technique · 8‑Queens problem · Hamiltonian cycle problem · Graph coloring problem · Branch and bound method · Traveling salesman problem using branch‑and‑bound · Lower bound theory for combinatorial problems · Introduction to parallel algorithms

Unit 6Tree and Graph Data Structures, Traversals and NP‑Completeness

Binary search trees · Height‑balanced trees (AVL) · 2‑3 trees and B‑trees · Tree traversal techniques (in‑order, pre‑order, post‑order) · Graph traversal algorithms (DFS, BFS) · Fundamentals of NP‑completeness

Unit 1The Software Product and Software Process

Software Product and Process Characteristics · Software Process Models (Linear Sequential Model, Prototyping Model, RAD Model, Incremental Model, Spiral Model, Component Assembly Model, RUP, Agile processes) · Software Process customization and improvement · Capability Maturity Model (CMM) · Product and Process Metrics

Unit 2Requirement Elicitation, Analysis, and Specification

Functional and Non‑functional requirements · Requirement sources and elicitation techniques · Analysis modeling for function‑oriented and object‑oriented software development · Use‑case modeling · System and software requirement specifications · Requirement validation · Traceability

Unit 3Software Design

Software design process · Design concepts and principles · Software modeling and UML · Architectural design · Architectural views and styles · User‑interface design · Function‑oriented design · Component‑based design (SA/SD) · Design metrics

Unit 4Software Analysis and Testing

Software static and dynamic analysis · Code inspections · Software testing fundamentals · Software test process · Testing levels · Test criteria · Test case design · Test oracles · Test techniques · Black‑box testing · White‑box unit testing and unit testing frameworks · Integration testing · System testing and specialized testing · Test plan · Test metrics · Testing tools · Introduction to object‑oriented analysis and design, comparison with structured software engineering

Unit 5Software Maintenance & Software Project Measurement

Need and types of maintenance · Software configuration management (SCM) · Software change management · Version control · Change control and reporting · Program comprehension techniques · Re‑engineering and reverse engineering · Tool support · Project management concepts · Feasibility analysis · Project and process planning · Resource allocation · Software effort, schedule, and cost estimation · Project scheduling and tracking · Risk assessment and mitigation · Software quality assurance (SQA) · Project plan · Project metrics

Unit 1Basic Structure of Computer

Structure of Desktop Computers · CPU: General Register Organization‑Memory Register · Instruction Register · Control Word · Stack Organization · Instruction Format · ALU · I/O System · Bus · CPU and Memory Program Counter · Bus Structure · Register Transfer Language‑Bus and Memory Transfer · Addressing Modes

Unit 2Control Unit Organization

Basic Concept of Instruction · Instruction Types · Micro Instruction Formats · Fetch and Execution Cycle · Hardwired Control Unit · Microprogrammed Control Unit · Microprogram Sequencer · Control Memory · Sequencing and Execution of Micro Instruction

Unit 3Computer Arithmetic

Addition and Subtraction · Complement Representation Tools · Signed Addition and Subtraction · Multiplication and Division · Booth’s Algorithm · Division Operation · Floating Point Arithmetic Operation · Design of Arithmetic Unit

Unit 4I/O Organization

I/O Interface – PCI Bus · SCSI Bus · USB · Data Transfer: Serial, Parallel, Synchronous, Asynchronous Modes of Data Transfer · Direct Memory Access (DMA) · I/O Processor

Unit 5Memory Organization

Main Memory – RAM, ROM · Secondary Memory – Magnetic Tape, Disk, Optical Storage · Cache Memory: Cache Structure and Design · Mapping Scheme · Replacement Algorithm · Improving Cache Performance · Virtual Memory · Memory Management Hardware

Unit 6Multiprocessors

Characteristics of Multiprocessor · Structure of Multiprocessor – Interprocessor Arbitration · Inter‑Processor Communication and Synchronization · Memory in Multiprocessor System · Concept of Pipelining · Vector Processing · Array Processing · RISC and CISC · Study of Multicore Processor – Intel, AMD

Unit 1Introduction to Operating Systems

Function of an operating system · Evolution of operating systems · Different types of operating systems · Desirable characteristics and features of an operating system · Operating system services – types of services · Utility programs as service providers · System calls as service interfaces

Unit 2File Systems

Concept of a file and its abstraction · User’s and system programmer’s view of the file system · Disk organization and storage hierarchy · Tape organization · Modules of a file system · Disk space allocation methods – contiguous, linked, indexed · Directory structures · File protection mechanisms · System calls for file management · Disk scheduling algorithms

Unit 3CPU Scheduling and Memory Management

Process concept and life‑cycle · Scheduling concepts and criteria · Types of schedulers (long‑term, short‑term, medium‑term) · Process state diagram · CPU scheduling algorithms (FCFS, SJF, Priority, Round‑Robin, Multilevel, etc.) · Evaluation of scheduling algorithms · System calls for process management · Multiple‑processor scheduling techniques · Thread concepts and models · Memory management techniques – partitioning, swapping, segmentation, paging, paged segmentation · Comparison of memory management techniques · Support for large programs – overlay, dynamic linking and loading · Virtual memory concepts and demand paging implementation

Unit 4Input/Output and Concurrent Processes

Principles of input/output systems · Programming I/O operations · I/O problems and solutions · Asynchronous I/O operations · Speed‑gap and format conversion issues · I/O interfaces and device controllers · Program‑controlled I/O · Interrupt‑driven I/O · Concurrent I/O techniques · Real and virtual concurrency · Mutual exclusion and synchronization mechanisms · Inter‑process communication methods · Critical‑section problem and solutions · Semaphores – binary and counting, WAIT and SIGNAL operations · Deadlock concepts, characterization, prevention, avoidance, and recovery

Unit 5Network, Distributed and Multiprocessor Operating Systems

Introduction to network operating systems · Distributed operating system concepts · Multiprocessor operating system architectures · Case studies: Unix/Linux, Windows, and other contemporary operating systems

Unit 1Basic Java Features

C++ vs Java · Java Virtual Machine · Constants & Variables · Data Types · Class · Methods · Objects · Strings and Arrays · Type Casting · Operators · Precedence Relations · Control Statements · Exception Handling · File and Streams · Visibility · Constructors · Operator and Methods Overloading · Static Members · Inheritance · Polymorphism · Abstract Methods and Classes

Unit 2Java Collective Framework – Data Structures

Introduction to Data Structures · Type-Wrapper Classes for Primitive Types · Dynamic Memory Allocation · Linked List · Stack · Queues · Trees · Generics – Introduction · Overloading Generic Methods · Generic Classes · Collections – Interface Collection and Class Collections · Lists · ArrayList and Iterator · LinkedList · Vector · Collections Algorithms – sort, shuffle, reverse, fill, copy, max/min, binary search, addAll · Stack class of java.util · PriorityQueue and Queue interface · Maps · Properties class · Unmodifiable Collections

Unit 3Advanced Java Features

Multithreading – Thread States, Priorities, Thread Scheduling · Multithreading – Life Cycle of a Thread, Thread Synchronization · Multithreading – Creating and Executing Threads, Multithreading with GUI, Monitors and Monitor Locks · Networking – Manipulating URLs, Reading a file on a Web Server, Socket programming, Security and the Network, RMI · Accessing Databases with JDBC – Relational Database, SQL, MySQL, Oracle

Unit 4Advanced Java Technologies

Servlets – Overview and Architecture, Setting Up Apache Tomcat Server, Handling HTTP GET Requests, Deploying a Web Application, Multitier Applications, Using JDBC from a Servlet · JavaServer Pages (JSP) – Overview, First JSP Example, Implicit Objects, Scripting, Standard Actions, Directives · Multimedia – Applets and Applications: Loading, Displaying and Scaling Images, Animating a Series of Images, Loading and Playing Audio Clips

Unit 5Advance Web/Internet Programming

Overview of J2ME · Overview of J2EE · Overview of EJB · Overview of XML

Unit 6.NET Technologies

Introduction to .NET framework – features, architecture, components, elements · Basic Features of C# – Fundamentals, Classes and Objects, Inheritance and Polymorphism, Operator Overloading, Structures · Advanced Features of C# – Interfaces, Arrays, Indexers and Collections, Strings and Regular Expressions, Handling Exceptions, Delegates and Events · ASP.NET – Installing framework, Overview of CLR, Class Library, ASP.NET controls, HTML controls, Standard controls, Validation controls, Rich controls · Windows Forms – Windows Form, MDI Form, Creating Windows applications, Adding controls, Handling events, Tools · ADO.NET – Component Object Model, ODBC, OLEDB, SQL connected mode, Disconnected mode, Dataset, DataReader, Data controls, GridView, DetailsView, DataSource controls · XML – Introducing XML, DTD, XML Schema, DOM, Handling XML, XML data source, Navigation controls, Web parts, JavaScript, Web Services

Unit 7Python Programming

Introduction – basic syntax, literal constants, numbers, variables, basic data types, strings, escape sequences, operators and expressions, evaluation order, indentation, input/output, functions, comments · Data Structures – List, Tuples, Dictionary, Sets · Control Flow – Conditional statements (if, if-else, nested), Iterative statements (for, while, nested loops), Control statements (break, continue, pass) · Object Oriented Programming – Class and Object, Attributes, Methods, Scopes, Namespaces, Inheritance, Overloading, Overriding, Data hiding · Exception – Exception handling, except clause, try‑finally clause, user‑defined exceptions · Modules and Packages · Standard Libraries – File I/O, sys, logging, regular expressions, date and time, network programming, multiprocessing, multithreading

Unit 8MATLAB

MATLAB Overview – History, Installation, Help Browser, Desktop arrangement, Basic functions, Common symbols, Debugging · Vector and Matrix – Scalars, Vectors, Matrices, Eigenvalues and eigenvectors, Matrix operations, Operators, Creating matrices, Indexing, Mathematical operations, Array types · Graphics – 2D plots, Parametric plots, Contour lines, Implicit plots, Field plots, Multiple graphics display, 3D plots, Multivariate data analysis · MATLAB Programming – M‑files, Editors, Scripts, Functions, Error correction, Debugger · Digital Image Processing – Basics of image processing with MATLAB · Neural Networks – Overview, Human and artificial neurons, Feed‑forward and feedback architectures, McCulloch‑Pitts model, Perceptron, Transfer functions, Neural Network Toolbox, Applications