CS-305 Object Oriented Programming and Methodology - Dec 2024 Question Paper

Under each question, How to answer lists the points an answer should cover, outlined by CampusPrep from the syllabus. Check the details against your textbook.

1. 7 Marks
   aCompare Object-Oriented Programming (OOP), with Procedural Programming, highlighting at least three differences. Discuss the features of the Object-Oriented Paradigm, mentioning its merits and demerits.
   How to answer

   • Tabular comparison between OOP and Procedural Programming with 3+ points (data hiding, approach, functions vs objects)
   • Key features of OOP: Encapsulation, Abstraction, Inheritance, Polymorphism
   • Merits (code reusability, maintenance, security) and Demerits (steep learning curve, performance overhead, larger program size)
2. 7 Marks
   bGiven a class rectangle with attributes length and width, write methods to calculate the area and perimeter of the rectangle. Also, demonstrate the use of these methods in a sample program.
   How to answer

   • Class definition showing data members `length` and `width`
   • Constructor and member functions `calculateArea()` and `calculatePerimeter()`
   • Main driver program creating an instance, setting dimensions, and displaying computed results
3. 7 Marks
   aExplain the concept of encapsulation and data abstraction in Object-Oriented Programming. How do these concepts enhance software development?
   How to answer

   • Define Encapsulation (binding data and functions, data hiding)
   • Define Abstraction (showing only essential features, hiding background details)
   • Distinguish how abstraction is the design goal and encapsulation is the implementation mechanism
   • Explain benefits to software development: modularity, maintainability, reduced complexity, security
4. 7 Marks
   bExplain the role of access modifiers in class design. Compare public, private and protected access levels with examples.
   How to answer

   • Role of access specifiers in data encapsulation and access control
   • Tabular comparison of accessibility (within class, derived class, outside world)
   • Short illustrative code example showing the three specifiers in a base and derived class
5. 7 Marks
   aExplain the purpose of inheritance in Object-Oriented Programming. Discuss the different types of inheritance with suitable examples.
   How to answer

   • Purpose of inheritance: code reusability, establishing 'is-a' relationships, extensibility
   • Classification of types: Single, Multiple, Multilevel, Hierarchical, and Hybrid inheritance
   • Brief code snippet or diagram for each type
6. 7 Marks
   bDifferentiate between association, aggregation and composition in the context of OOP. Provide real-world examples for each type of relationship.
   How to answer

   • Define Association (general 'has-a' or 'uses-a' relationship, e.g., Teacher and Student)
   • Define Aggregation (weak 'has-a', independent lifecycles, e.g., Department and Teacher)
   • Define Composition (strong 'part-of', dependent lifecycle/ownership, e.g., House and Rooms)
   • Comparative summary table including UML notation
7. 7 Marks
   aWhat is polymorphism in Object-Oriented Programming? Discuss its significance and how it contributes to code reusability and flexibility.
   How to answer

   • Definition of Polymorphism ('many forms')
   • Significance: uniform interface to entities of different types
   • Contribution to code reusability (writing generic code that works with base types)
   • Contribution to flexibility/extensibility (adding new derived classes without changing existing code)
8. 7 Marks
   bCompare and contrast static polymorphism with runtime polymorphism. Provide illustrative examples for both types.
   How to answer

   • Definitions and mechanisms: compile-time (overloading/templates) vs run-time (virtual functions)
   • Comparison table (binding time, performance, implementation)
   • Code example of function overloading for static polymorphism
   • Code example of virtual functions with base class pointer for dynamic polymorphism
9. 7 Marks
   aExplain the architecture and functionalities of a Library Management System. Discuss how strings, exception handling, and collections can be utilized in its implementation.
   How to answer

   • Architecture of Library Management System (Entities: Book, Member, Transaction; modules: issue, return, search)
   • Core functionalities: add book, issue book, search catalog, return & fine calculation
   • Utilization of Strings (book titles, author names, ISBN handling)
   • Utilization of Exception Handling (handling book unavailable, invalid member ID, overdue limits)
   • Utilization of Collections (vector/list/map for catalog and user databases)
10. 7 Marks
    bDescribe the concept of multi-threading. What are the advantages of using multi-threading in applications?
    How to answer

    • Definition of multithreading and thread vs process
    • How multithreading enables concurrent execution of multiple parts of a program
    • Advantages: improved responsiveness, better resource sharing, CPU utilization, high throughput
11. 7 Marks
    aDiscuss the merits and demerits of Object-Oriented Methodology. Provide real-world scenarios where OOP is beneficial and where it may not be ideal.
    How to answer

    • Merits: modularity, code reuse, easy debugging, data protection, clear model mapping
    • Demerits: higher memory overhead, larger compiled code, execution overhead, complex design curve
    • Ideal real-world scenarios: GUI applications, simulation software, enterprise ERP systems
    • Non-ideal scenarios: simple low-level device drivers, highly constrained embedded systems, pure mathematical computations
12. 7 Marks
    bDiscuss the concepts of message passing in OOP. How does message passing facilitate communication between objects?
    How to answer

    • Definition of message passing (sender, receiver, message/method name, arguments)
    • Mechanism: an object requests another object to invoke a specific behavior
    • How it facilitates loose coupling, encapsulation preservation, and dynamic polymorphism
    • Syntax/representation in OOP languages
13. 7 Marks
    aWhat are classes in OOP? Discuss how to identify classes. Create a class student with attributes like name, roll_number, and marks. Write methods to calculate the average marks and display student information. Demonstrate its use in a sample program.
    How to answer

    • Definition of a class as a blueprint/template for creating objects
    • Methods to identify classes in domain analysis (e.g., noun-verb analysis, CRC cards)
    • C++ implementation of class `Student` with attributes: name, roll_number, marks
    • Methods `calculateAverage()` and `displayInfo()`
    • Driver `main()` code creating an instance and calling the methods
14. 7 Marks
    bExplain the concept of interfaces in OOP. How do interfaces differ from abstract classes? Discuss the use of both in software development.
    How to answer

    • Concept of Interface as a contract specifying 'what' to do without 'how'
    • Detailed comparison between Interface and Abstract Class (implementation, variables, inheritance)
    • When to use each in software development (abstract class for sharing code among related classes; interface for unrelated classes sharing behavior)
15. 7 Marks
    aExplain how interfaces in Object-Oriented Programming can facilitate polymorphism. Provide code examples to illustrate the use of interfaces in C++.
    How to answer

    • Explain how interfaces enable polymorphism by decoupling the definition of methods from their implementation
    • C++ implementation of an interface using a class containing only pure virtual functions (`= 0`) and a virtual destructor
    • Two derived classes overriding the pure virtual functions
    • Polymorphic execution via base class pointer
16. 7 Marks
    bDiscuss various data collections available in C++. How do these collections differ in terms of performance and use cases?
    How to answer

    • Overview of C++ STL containers (Sequence, Associative, Unordered, Container adaptors)
    • Key collections: std::vector, std::list, std::map, std::unordered_map
    • Performance comparison table (Access, Insertion, Deletion time complexities: O(1), O(log n), O(n))
    • Typical use cases for each collection type