CE-504-B Remote Sensing and GIS - Jun 2025 Question Paper

Under each question, How to answer lists the points an answer should cover, outlined by CampusPrep from the syllabus. Check the details against your textbook.

1. 7 Marks
   aDiscuss the EMR interaction with earth surface features with neat diagram.
   How to answer

   • Define EMR and incident energy interaction modes: reflection, absorption, transmission
   • Explain spectral reflectance characteristics for vegetation, water, soil
   • Describe factors: wavelength, surface roughness, moisture, angle
   • Include neat labelled diagram showing incident, reflected, absorbed, transmitted components
2. 7 Marks
   bWrite the difference between active remote sensing and passive remote sensing.
   How to answer

   • Define active remote sensing with own energy source
   • Define passive remote sensing with natural energy source
   • Compare energy source, day/night operation, examples
   • Tabulate differences in tabular form
3. 7 Marks
   aDefine Image. What are the different steps of Digital Image processing in Remote sensing?
   How to answer

   • Define image as 2D representation / array of pixels with DN values
   • List digital image processing chain: acquisition, preprocessing, enhancement, transformation, classification
   • Briefly explain each step purpose
   • Relate steps to remote sensing workflow
4. 7 Marks
   bWhere the low resolution and high resolution cameras are used in remote sensing.
   How to answer

   • Define spatial/spectral resolution concept
   • State uses of low resolution: global, weather, large area monitoring
   • State uses of high resolution: urban, detailed mapping, defence
   • Give sensor examples for each category
5. 7 Marks
   aWhat do you understand by image enhancement in Remote sensing?
   How to answer

   • Define image enhancement to improve visual interpretability
   • Distinguish point vs spatial operations
   • List techniques: contrast stretching, histogram equalization, filtering
   • Mention objective of feature discrimination
6. 7 Marks
   bWhat factors are to be considered while making choice of a projection system?
   How to answer

   • Define map projection purpose and distortion types
   • List factors: location/extent, shape vs area preservation, scale
   • Explain purpose of map and data characteristics
   • Conclude with selection criteria
7. 7 Marks
   aDescribe in details the hardware and software components of GIS.
   How to answer

   • Define GIS components overview
   • Describe hardware: input, processing, storage, output devices
   • Describe software: data input, DBMS, analysis, visualization modules
   • Mention humanware/procedures if relevant
8. 7 Marks
   bWhat are the different elements of visual image interpretation techniques?
   How to answer

   • Define visual image interpretation
   • List elements: tone, texture, shape, size, pattern, shadow, association
   • Briefly explain each element with example
   • Mention order/hierarchy in interpretation
9. 7 Marks
   aDifferentiate the spatial data and attribute data in GIS.
   How to answer

   • Define spatial data as locational/geometric data
   • Define attribute data as descriptive/non-spatial data
   • Compare representation, storage, examples
   • Present differences in table
10. 7 Marks
    bDefine Topology and explain its various features.
    How to answer

    • Define topology as spatial relationships between features
    • Explain adjacency, connectivity, containment
    • Describe features: nodes, arcs, polygons, errors
    • Mention importance in GIS analysis and error correction
11. 7 Marks
    aDifferentiate and compare raster data and vector data structures.
    How to answer

    • Define raster as grid/cell and vector as point/line/polygon
    • Compare structure, storage, resolution, accuracy
    • Compare analysis suitability and data volume
    • Tabulate advantages/disadvantages
12. 7 Marks
    bWhat is a shape file in GIS? Discuss the various applications and limitations of using shape files.
    How to answer

    • Define shapefile as Esri vector data format with .shp/.shx/.dbf
    • List applications: mapping, sharing, GIS analysis
    • Discuss limitations: single geometry, 2GB, no topology, field limits
    • Mention alternatives like geodatabase
13. 7 Marks
    aDescribe the role of Remote sensing and GIS in traffic management of smart city planning.
    How to answer

    • Define smart city traffic management needs
    • Explain remote sensing for road network, congestion monitoring
    • Explain GIS for routing, network analysis, decision support
    • Give examples of real-time traffic and planning
14. 7 Marks
    bExplain how remote sensing and GIS can be used to determining the flood vulnerability zone of an urban area?
    How to answer

    • Define flood vulnerability zoning concept
    • List data layers: DEM, rainfall, land use, drainage, soil
    • Explain RS for inundation mapping and GIS overlay/weighted analysis
    • Describe output vulnerability map and mitigation use
15. 14 Marks
    Write short notes on the following:

    1. i)Map projections
    2. ii)Image filtering
    3. iii)Triangulated Irregular Network (TIN)
    4. iv)Panoramic distortion
    How to answer

    • Define map projections with types and uses
    • Define image filtering with low/high pass filters
    • Define TIN structure for terrain modelling
    • Define panoramic distortion causes and correction