CE-504-B Remote Sensing and GIS - Dec 2025 Question Paper

Under each question, How to answer lists the points an answer should cover, outlined by CampusPrep from the syllabus. Check the details against your textbook.

1. 7 Marks
   aExplain the electromagnetic spectrum with relevance to remote sensing.
   How to answer

   • Definition of electromagnetic spectrum and wavelength regions
   • Relevant regions for remote sensing: visible, IR, microwave
   • Atmospheric windows and sensor relevance
   • Diagram of spectrum with bands
2. 7 Marks
   bDescribe the typical spectral reflectance curves of vegetation, soil, and water.
   How to answer

   • Concept of spectral reflectance
   • Typical curve for vegetation with green peak and NIR plateau
   • Typical curve for soil
   • Typical curve for water and comparison
3. 7 Marks
   aExplain image classification and its types.
   How to answer

   • Definition of image classification
   • Supervised vs unsupervised classification
   • Steps involved in classification
   • Examples of classes
4. 7 Marks
   bWhat are map projections? Explain any two basic classes.
   How to answer

   • Definition of map projection and need
   • Basic classes e.g. conformal, equal-area, equidistant / cylindrical, conical, azimuthal
   • Explain any two classes with properties
   • Examples and uses
5. 7 Marks
   aDescribe attribute data and its management in GIS.
   How to answer

   • Definition of attribute data in GIS
   • Types of attribute data
   • Database management and linking to spatial data
   • Query and management functions
6. 7 Marks
   bExplain the application of GIS and RS in water resource management.
   How to answer

   • Role of GIS and RS in water resources
   • Applications: watershed mapping, groundwater, flood monitoring
   • Steps with RS data and GIS analysis
   • Example benefits
7. 7 Marks
   aDescribe the basic components of remote sensing and its limitations.
   How to answer

   • Stages of remote sensing: source, sensor, acquisition
   • Basic components list
   • Limitations: resolution, weather, cost
   • Summary diagram
8. 7 Marks
   bExplain energy interaction with Earth's surface and atmosphere with a neat diagram.
   How to answer

   • Incident energy and interaction paths
   • Reflection, absorption, transmission, scattering
   • Atmospheric effects
   • Neat labelled diagram of energy interaction
9. 7 Marks
   aExplain the method of supervised classification in digital image processing.
   How to answer

   • Concept of supervised classification
   • Training site selection
   • Signature generation and classification algorithms
   • Accuracy assessment
10. 7 Marks
    bWhat is a vegetation index? Explain any one index and its significance.
    How to answer

    • Definition of vegetation index
    • Example index e.g. NDVI with formula
    • Calculation from red and NIR bands
    • Significance in vegetation monitoring
11. 7 Marks
    aExplain different sources of spatial data used in GIS.
    How to answer

    • Concept of spatial data in GIS
    • Sources: maps, remote sensing, GPS, surveys
    • Secondary sources and field data
    • Comparison of sources
12. 7 Marks
    bWhat are spatial entities? Explain point, line, and polygon with examples.
    How to answer

    • Definition of spatial entities
    • Point with example
    • Line with example
    • Polygon with example
13. 7 Marks
    aDescribe spatial data integration techniques like map overlay with examples.
    How to answer

    • Concept of spatial data integration
    • Map overlay technique and types
    • Procedure with examples
    • Applications
14. 7 Marks
    bExplain how remote sensing and GIS can be integrated for land resource assessment.
    How to answer

    • Need for RS-GIS integration
    • RS as data source for GIS layers
    • Workflow for land resource assessment
    • Examples: land use, soil, capability mapping
15. 7 Marks
    aDescribe the different types of sensor resolutions in remote sensing.
    How to answer

    • Concept of resolution in remote sensing
    • Spatial, spectral, temporal, radiometric resolution
    • Explanation of each type
    • Effect on data quality
16. 7 Marks
    bDiscuss the different types of data modes in remote sensing system.
    How to answer

    • Concept of data modes in remote sensing system
    • Types e.g. multispectral, hyperspectral, panchromatic, radar modes
    • Characteristics of each mode
    • Applications