AL-703-B Augmented and Virtual Reality - Nov 2023 Question Paper

Under each question, How to answer lists the points an answer should cover, outlined by CampusPrep from the syllabus. Check the details against your textbook.

1. 7 Marks
   aWhat do you understand by virtual reality? Explain the features of virtual reality.
   How to answer

   • Define virtual reality as computer-generated immersive interactive 3D environment
   • Explain key features: immersion, interactivity, imagination/navigation, multisensory feedback, presence
   • Give examples of VR systems and applications
2. 7 Marks
   bExplain an algorithm which uses parametric equation for the purpose of line clipping. Using the same algorithm to find the coordinates of the line segment $A(10,10)$, $B(70,40)$, after it is clipped against a window with two diagonal vertices at $(20,20)$ $(40,50)$.
   How to answer

   • Explain parametric line clipping algorithm - Cyrus-Beck / Liang-Barsky with parameter $p_i, q_i, u_1, u_2$
   • Show clipping steps against window $x_{min}=20, x_{max}=40, y_{min}=20, y_{max}=50$
   • Compute clipped coordinates for $A(10,10)$ to $B(70,40)$
3. 7 Marks
   aDescribe the purpose of Anchor node, Collision node, Group node and Shape node in Virtual Reality Modeling Language with help of example.
   How to answer

   • Define VRML scene-graph nodes: Anchor, Collision, Group, Shape
   • Explain purpose/fields of each with example VRML code
   • Explain hyperlinking, collision detection control, grouping and geometry appearance
4. 7 Marks
   bDiscuss Collision detection using Generic VR system with help of the example.
   How to answer

   • Define collision detection in generic VR system pipeline
   • Explain bounding volumes, hierarchy and collision response steps
   • Give example e.g., navigation / object interaction
5. 7 Marks
   aA worm is crawling outward along the spoke of a wheel that lies along a radius of the wheel. The worm is crawling at 1 unit per second and the wheel is rotating at 1 radian per second. Suppose the wheel lies in the y-z plane with center at the origin, and at time $t = 0$ the spoke lies along the positive y axis and the worm is at the origin. Find a vector function $r(t)$ for the position of the worm at time t.
   How to answer

   • Radial distance $r=t$ due to 1 unit/sec crawl from origin
   • Angle $\theta=t$ due to 1 rad/sec rotation from positive y-axis in y-z plane
   • Combine to $r(t)=t\cos t\, j + t\sin t\, k$
6. 7 Marks
   bExplain different models of interactions in virtual environment.
   How to answer

   • Define interaction in virtual environment
   • Explain models e.g., direct manipulation, menu/proxy, navigation, tool-based
   • Compare use cases with examples
7. 7 Marks
   aWhat do you understand by Linear and Nonlinear interpolation? Explain with help of example.
   How to answer

   • Define interpolation in animation/keyframing
   • Explain linear interpolation formula with example
   • Explain nonlinear e.g., cubic, Bezier, ease-in/out with example
8. 7 Marks
   bWhat is Shading? Explain the various algorithms of it.
   How to answer

   • Define shading in computer graphics/VR rendering
   • Explain flat, Gouraud, Phong and ray-tracing algorithms
   • Compare quality vs computation cost
9. 7 Marks
   aDescribe the techniques on flight dynamics of an aircraft.
   How to answer

   • Define flight dynamics: pitch, roll, yaw, lift/drag/thrust
   • Describe techniques: aerodynamic modeling, motion platforms, visual systems
   • Mention real-time simulation constraints
10. 7 Marks
    bExplain in detail about all the sensor hardware's used for VR environment.
    How to answer

    • List sensor hardware: trackers, gloves, HMD sensors, IMU, optical, ultrasonic
    • Explain working of each for position/orientation tracking
    • Explain role in VR environment immersion
11. 7 Marks
    aBriefly describe the display technologies available for Augmented Reality with diagram.
    How to answer

    • List AR displays: optical see-through, video see-through, projection, handheld
    • Explain working with neat labelled diagram
    • Compare advantages/limitations
12. 7 Marks
    bExplain marker-less tracking for augmented reality with help of an example.
    How to answer

    • Define marker-less tracking vs marker-based
    • Explain feature detection, SLAM, GPS/IMU fusion steps
    • Give example e.g., AR navigation / face tracking app
13. 7 Marks
    aBriefly describe the difference between AR and VR with help of diagrams and examples.
    How to answer

    • Define AR vs VR with reality-virtuality continuum
    • Compare immersion, hardware, applications in table with diagrams
    • Give examples of each
14. 7 Marks
    bExplain the role of eyes, ears and senses in Augmented Reality with help of an example.
    How to answer

    • Explain human visual, auditory and other sensory channels in AR
    • Explain display, 3D audio, haptic integration
    • Give example e.g., AR maintenance / medical overlay
15. 14 Marks
    Write a short note on any two.

    1. i)Virtual Reality Modeling Language
    2. ii)VR toolkits
    3. iii)Acoustic hardware
    4. iv)Mixed Reality
    How to answer

    • Select any two topics from i)-iv)
    • Explain definition, components and applications of each
    • Give examples/diagram for each short note