Swachh Bharat Summer Internship / Unnat Bharat Abhiyan (100 Hrs) / Rural Outreach (BT-108) - Important Questions

Define monitoring and evaluation (M&E) in the context of rural outreach programs such as Swachh Bharat Summer Internship. State the primary components of an M&E system and explain briefly the difference between monitoring and evaluation.

Explain the logical framework (logframe) approach for project planning and monitoring. Prepare a simple logframe for a village sanitation project specifying: overall objective, specific objective(s), major outputs, one measurable indicator for each output, means of verification, and one key assumption for each level.

Design five SMART indicators to measure the impact of behaviour change communication (BCC) activities aimed at reducing open defecation in a rural village. For each indicator state why it is Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant and Time-bound.

Calculate the required sample size for a household survey in a village with population $N=5000$, expected proportion $p=0.5$, confidence level 95% (use $z=1.96$) and margin of error $d=0.05$. Use the formula $n_{0} = \frac{\left( z \right)^{2} p \left(1 - p \right)}{d^{2}}$ and then apply the finite population correction $n = \frac{n_{0}}{\left(1 + \frac{n_{0} - 1}{N}\right)}$. Show all steps and compute the numerical values.

Describe the essential components of a final internship report for a 100-hour rural outreach (Swachh Bharat/Unnat Bharat Abhiyan) project. Provide a suggested chapter-wise outline and briefly state the purpose of each chapter.

Explain the ethical considerations to be observed when conducting surveys and participatory activities in rural communities. Describe the consent procedure and confidentiality measures that should be followed.

Prepare a simple budget estimate for a village-level solid waste management intervention. List the main cost categories and heads, provide sample unit costs for at least three items, and show a simple cost calculation for a one-year implementation plan along with brief cost-benefit considerations.

Discuss the methods of community engagement used in rural sanitation outreach and propose sustainability strategies to ensure long-term adoption of improved sanitation and hygiene practices. In your answer include community mobilisation techniques, capacity building, local institution strengthening, and follow-up mechanisms.

Explain participatory rural appraisal (PRA) tools commonly used during village surveys (for example social mapping, transect walks, seasonal calendars). For each tool give a brief description and state the situations in which it is most useful.

Describe the key elements of an effective poster and an oral presentation that summarise a 100-hour rural outreach project. Mention at least five sections or slides that must be included and state the aim of each.

Design a monitoring plan for a 6-month follow-up of behaviour change interventions in a village. Your plan should include timeline, key milestones, data collection frequency, responsible persons, and a simple data flow (how data moves from field to report).

Explain how basic GIS mapping and data visualization techniques can support monitoring of sanitation coverage in rural outreach. Mention at least three types of visualisations or maps (for example choropleth, hotspot map, time-series dashboard) and describe briefly what insights each provides.