BT-101 Engineering Chemistry - Jun 2024 Question Paper

Under each question, How to answer lists the points an answer should cover, outlined by CampusPrep from the syllabus. Check the details against your textbook.

1. 7 Marks
   aDifferentiate between hard water and soft water. What is meant by hardness of water? Write various units to express hardness of water giving their relationship.
   How to answer

   • Define hard water vs soft water with cause (Ca/Mg salts)
   • Tabular differences: soap action, boiling, industrial use
   • Define hardness: temporary vs permanent
   • List units: ppm, mg/L, Clarke, French, mEq/L
   • Give inter-relationships between units
2. 7 Marks
   bDiscuss the following terms i) Blow down process ii) Carry over
   How to answer

   • Define blow down process: purpose in boilers
   • Explain procedure and significance
   • Define carry over: priming and foaming
   • Causes and effects of carry over
3. 7 Marks
   aWhat are sludge and scale in boilers? How are they formed? Suggest any two methods to prevent their formation.
   How to answer

   • Define sludge (loose precipitate) vs scale (hard adherent deposit)
   • Formation reactions: CaCO3, CaSO4, Mg(OH)2, silica
   • Conditions favouring each
   • Two prevention methods: external/internal treatment, blow down, pH control
4. 7 Marks
   bHow is water softened by Ion exchange method? Explain in details with a neat diagram.
   How to answer

   • Principle of cation and anion exchange resins
   • Process flow with reactions R-H + Ca/Mg and R-OH + anions
   • Neat labelled diagram of ion-exchange column
   • Regeneration of resins with acid/alkali
5. 7 Marks
   aWhat is Lubrication? Give classification of lubricants.
   How to answer

   • Define lubrication and lubricant
   • Purpose: reduce friction and wear
   • Classification: solid, semi-solid, liquid, gaseous
   • Examples of each class
6. 7 Marks
   bDiscuss following properties of lubricant. Giving their significance. i) Viscosity index ii) Pour point and cloud point
   How to answer

   • Define viscosity index and its measurement
   • Significance for temperature stability
   • Define pour point and cloud point
   • Significance for low-temperature use
7. 7 Marks
   aIllustrate free radical mechanism of polymer.
   How to answer

   • Define free radical polymerization
   • Initiation step with initiator decomposition
   • Propagation step chain growth
   • Termination by coupling/disproportionation
8. 7 Marks
   bExplain about Biodegradable polymers with suitable example.
   How to answer

   • Define biodegradable polymers
   • Mechanism of biodegradation
   • Examples: PLA, PHA, PCL, starch blends
   • Applications and advantages
9. 7 Marks
   aExplain water line corrosion and galvanic corrosion.
   How to answer

   • Define water line and galvanic corrosion
   • Mechanism with differential aeration / galvanic series
   • Examples: water tank, Zn-Cu couple
   • Preventive measures
10. 7 Marks
    bWhat is oxidation corrosion and how does it take place? Describe the mechanism of oxidation corrosion.
    How to answer

    • Define oxidation corrosion / direct chemical attack
    • Conditions: absence of moisture, high temperature
    • Mechanism: metal + O2 -> metal oxide film
    • Pilling-Bedworth rule and nature of film
11. 14 Marks
    What is Spectroscopy? Describe about IR spectroscopy by giving principle, instrumentation and applications.
    How to answer

    • Define spectroscopy and IR region
    • Principle: molecular vibrations, IR absorption
    • Instrumentation: source, monochromator, detector
    • Applications in functional group identification
12. 14 Marks
    What is Periodic Table? Write trends of following in a group and in a period giving suitable reason: i) Electro negativity ii) Atomic size iii) Electron affinity
    How to answer

    • Define periodic table and its basis
    • Trend of electronegativity in group and period with reason
    • Trend of atomic size with shielding/effective nuclear charge
    • Trend of electron affinity with reason
13. 14 Marks
    Write brief note on (Any two) i) Phase diagram of single component systems ii) Vulcanized rubber iii) Electronic shifts iv) Oxidation states
    How to answer

    • Select any two topics for brief note
    • Give definition/principle with key points
    • Add labelled diagram/equation where relevant
    • Mention applications/significance