Internship‑I (BT-107) - Important Questions

Describe the key laboratory safety rules and precautions to be followed during an industrial/academic internship. Include details on personal protective equipment (PPE), chemical and biological waste segregation and disposal, emergency procedures (fire, chemical spill, exposure), and signage/labeling requirements.

Explain the procedure to prepare a diluted solution from a concentrated stock solution. Calculate the volume of stock solution required to prepare $\;V_2\;$ of $\;C_2\;$ concentration from a stock concentration $\;C_1\;$ using the relation $\;C_1\left(V_1\right)=C_2\left(V_2\right)\;$ and demonstrate with a numerical example.

Describe the step-by-step procedure for calibration and routine maintenance of a laboratory pH meter. Explain the role of standard buffers, temperature compensation, electrode storage, and troubleshooting of unstable readings.

Define a Standard Operating Procedure (SOP). Describe the essential components of an SOP and explain its importance during an internship in ensuring reproducibility, safety, and quality.

Explain the principle of centrifugation and show how to calculate relative centrifugal force (RCF). Use the standard relation for RCF and explain each term involved. Also indicate how rotor radius and rpm affect the RCF value.

Prepare a checklist for sterilization and routine maintenance of common laboratory equipment (e.g., micropipettes, glassware, incubators, autoclave). Include frequency of actions and basic validation checks.

What are the essential elements of a laboratory notebook and daily diary maintained during an internship? Describe how entries should be made, how results and raw data should be recorded, and the importance of signatures, dates, and supervisor verification.

Describe the detailed structure and contents of an internship report. Explain what should be included under Abstract, Objectives, Methodology, Observations/Results, Discussion, Conclusion, and References. Give guidelines on presentation, figures/tables, and plagiarism avoidance.

Discuss the key ethical and professional conduct issues an intern must observe in an industrial/academic setting. Cover confidentiality, intellectual property, data integrity, authorship, and handling of proprietary information.

Explain the principle of thin layer chromatography (TLC). Describe the experimental procedure and how to calculate the retention factor $R_f$ using the expression $\;R_f = \frac{\text{distance\;travelled\;by\;compound}}{\text{distance\;travelled\;by\;solvent}}\;$. Include common applications and limitations of TLC in internship practicals.