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CY-702 (B) · Block Chain & Crypto-Currencies/Important Questions

Block Chain & Crypto-Currencies (CY-702 (B)) - Important Questions

  1. Unit 414 Marks High Priority

    Explain the concept of smart contracts. Describe their lifecycle, common programming patterns, and security vulnerabilities. Illustrate with an example how a reentrancy vulnerability can be exploited and outline best practices to mitigate such risks.

    Core topic from Unit 4 — highly repeated in analytics heatmap; fundamental for exam questions on decentralized applications and protocol design.

  2. Unit 27 Marks High Priority

    Define hash functions used in blockchain systems. Explain the properties of preimage resistance, second-preimage resistance and collision resistance, and why each is important for blockchain security.

    Core cryptographic primitive from Unit 2 — appears frequently and underpins transaction integrity and proof systems.

  3. Unit 414 Marks High Priority

    Describe mining in proof-of-work blockchains. Explain the mining process, the concept of difficulty adjustment, and how mining secures the network against double-spending attacks. Discuss the economic incentives for miners.

    Core mechanism from Unit 4 — repeated topic covering how blocks are generated and network security is ensured.

  4. Unit 214 Marks High Priority

    Explain consensus algorithms used in blockchain systems. Compare Proof-of-Work and Proof-of-Stake in terms of security, energy/resource usage, attack vectors, and decentralization trade-offs.

    Core consensus topic from Unit 2 — frequent comparison question in exams (security vs resource usage).

  5. Unit 47 Marks High Priority

    Describe the structure of a Bitcoin block. Explain the role of the block header fields, how transactions are represented inside a block, and how the block header contributes to proof-of-work verification.

    Fundamental structural topic from Unit 4 — often asked to explain transaction and block internals and their role in validation.

  6. Unit 17 Marks High Priority

    Explain the architecture of a blockchain system. Identify and describe the roles of major layers and components such as the networking layer, consensus layer, data layer and application layer.

    Architectural foundation from Unit 1 — frequent high-level question about components and layering of blockchain systems.

  7. Unit 310 Marks High Priority

    Describe the Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM). Explain how the EVM executes smart contract bytecode, how gas works to meter execution, and discuss implications of EVM design for portability and security of smart contracts.

    EVM is a repeated exam focus in Unit 3 — asks for detailed workings and implications for smart contract development.

  8. Unit 47 Marks High Priority

    Explain how Merkle trees are constructed and how they are used to verify transaction inclusion in a block. Describe how a Merkle proof is formed and validated.

    Data structure from Unit 4 — frequently tested for verification properties and use in Merkle proofs.

  9. Unit 17 Marks High Priority

    Compare public, private and permissioned blockchains. For each model, give examples of suitable real-world applications and discuss the trade-offs in terms of governance, scalability and trust assumptions.

    Permission models from Unit 1 — frequently asked to compare and suggest suitable applications.

  10. Unit 510 Marks High Priority

    Discuss use-cases of blockchain in healthcare. Explain how blockchain can be applied to electronic health records, supply chain for pharmaceuticals, and clinical trials. Discuss benefits, privacy and regulatory challenges.

    Application-area question from Unit 5 — repeated in heatmap as a practical use-case topic for healthcare sector.

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