Computer Organization & Architecture (CY-504 (C)) - Important Questions

Describe the general register organization in CPU architecture. Explain the role of registers like Memory Register, Instruction Register, and Program Counter.

How does the CPU handle stack operations? Explain with an example.

Explain the concept of Memory Hierarchy in computer architecture. Why is cache memory considered crucial in improving system performance?

Calculate the effective access time of a memory system with a cache if the hit ratio is 95%, the access time of cache memory is 10 ns, and the access time of main memory is 100 ns.

Define Interrupts and explain their types. How are interrupts handled in a microprocessor, specifically in the case of the 8086 microprocessor?

Differentiate between a hardwired control unit and a micro-programmed control unit with suitable diagrams.

What is Instruction Set Architecture (ISA)? Explain the various types of addressing modes with examples.

Explain the difference between RISC and CISC architectures. Why are RISC processors generally preferred in modern computing?

Explain the concept of Instruction-Level Parallelism (ILP) and how it differs from Thread-Level Parallelism (TLP). Provide examples to illustrate the difference.

Discuss the working of Direct Memory Access (DMA). How does it differ from programmed I/O and interrupt-driven I/O?

Discuss the differences between serial and parallel data transfer. Why is serial transfer used in some cases despite being slower than parallel transfer?

Discuss the concept of floating-point and decimal arithmetic, and how these are handled by the arithmetic unit.

Explain with neat flow chart for addition and subtraction of floating point Numbers.

What is associative memory? How is it different from cache memory?

With the help of a diagram, explain the basic structure of a computer system, highlighting the components of the CPU, memory and I/O subsystem.

Implement Four segment pipeline with a space time diagram.