CY-504-B Internet of Things - Dec 2024 Question Paper

Under each question, How to answer lists the points an answer should cover, outlined by CampusPrep from the syllabus. Check the details against your textbook.

1. 7 Marks
   aExplain the role of Fog, Edge and Cloud in the IoT ecosystem. Discuss how they contribute to data processing and storage.
   How to answer

   • Define Fog, Edge and Cloud layers in IoT
   • Role in latency, bandwidth and locality of processing
   • Data processing and storage contribution of each layer
   • Hierarchical collaboration example
2. 7 Marks
   bWhat are the functional blocks of an IoT ecosystem? Describe their roles in enabling IoT applications.
   How to answer

   • Define functional blocks of IoT ecosystem
   • List sensing, network, middleware, application, management/security blocks
   • Role of each block in enabling applications
   • Interaction flow example
3. 7 Marks
   aCompare the features and security aspects of LoRaWAN and IEEE 802.11 ah.
   How to answer

   • Overview of LoRaWAN and IEEE 802.11ah
   • Comparison on range, data rate, power, topology
   • Security mechanisms: encryption, authentication, key management
   • Use-case suitability conclusion
4. 7 Marks
   bDescribe the 6LoWPAN protocol and explain its importance in constrained IoT environments.
   How to answer

   • Define 6LoWPAN and adaptation layer role
   • Header compression and fragmentation mechanisms
   • Addressing IPv6 over IEEE 802.15.4
   • Importance for constrained devices and interoperability
5. 7 Marks
   aAnalyze how MQTT and CoAP protocols handle scalability in IoT networks with a large number of constrained devices. Which protocol is better suited for real-time applications and why?
   How to answer

   • MQTT publish-subscribe vs CoAP client-server/REST
   • Scalability handling: broker, QoS vs lightweight UDP, multicast
   • Suitability for real-time: latency, overhead, reliability
   • Justified choice with use-case
6. 7 Marks
   bConsider a smart object embedded with multiple sensors and actuators. How would you design the communication flow between these smart objects and the cloud for efficient data collection and control?
   How to answer

   • Smart object sensors/actuators and gateway layers
   • Protocols for device-to-gateway and gateway-to-cloud
   • Data collection, filtering, actuation control flow
   • Reliability, security and power considerations
7. 7 Marks
   aExplain the Arduino and Raspberry Pi platforms used in IoT system development. How do they differ in terms of functionality and application?
   How to answer

   • Introduce Arduino and Raspberry Pi architectures
   • Compare microcontroller vs microprocessor, OS, I/O
   • Functionality differences: processing, connectivity
   • Typical IoT applications for each
8. 7 Marks
   bWrite a short program in Python to control an LED connected to Raspberry Pi using GPIO pins.
   How to answer

   • Import RPi.GPIO and setup pin numbering
   • Configure GPIO pin as output for LED
   • Blink/control logic with sleep and cleanup
   • Short Python code snippet
9. 7 Marks
   aDiscuss the role of Apache Kafka and Apache Spark in IoT data analytics.
   How to answer

   • Role of Kafka for ingestion/messaging
   • Role of Spark for stream/batch analytics
   • Integration pipeline for IoT data
   • Scalability and real-time benefits
10. 7 Marks
    bGiven a dataset from an IoT-based smart city project, how would you apply machine learning techniques to predict traffic congestion? Which features would you prioritize, and why?
    How to answer

    • ML workflow: data preprocessing to prediction
    • Candidate features: time, location, weather, sensor counts
    • Prioritized features and justification
    • Model choice and evaluation metric
11. 7 Marks
    aExplain the concept of a Smart and Connected City. How do smart lighting and smart traffic control systems contribute to a smart city's infrastructure?
    How to answer

    • Define Smart and Connected City concept
    • Components: lighting, traffic, energy, safety
    • Smart lighting contribution to efficiency
    • Smart traffic control contribution to mobility
12. 7 Marks
    bDiscuss the Cisco IoT system architecture and its role in industrial IoT applications.
    How to answer

    • Layers of Cisco IoT architecture
    • Fog/edge, network, data and security aspects
    • Role in industrial automation and monitoring
    • Benefits for IIoT scalability and reliability
13. 7 Marks
    aIf you were designing an IoT system for a real-time temperature monitoring application, how would you structure the system's software and hardware components to ensure reliability and responsiveness?
    How to answer

    • Hardware: temperature sensor, MCU, connectivity
    • Software: firmware, edge filtering, cloud analytics
    • Reliability: redundancy, fail-safe, power backup
    • Responsiveness: real-time protocols and alerts
14. 7 Marks
    bDifferentiate between structured and unstructured data. Give examples from IoT applications.
    How to answer

    • Define structured vs unstructured data
    • Characteristics: schema, format, processing
    • IoT examples: sensor readings vs video/audio/logs
    • Storage and analytics implications
15. 14 Marks
    Write short notes on (any four):

    1. i)IBM Watson IoT platform
    2. ii)Django AWS for IoT
    3. iii)802.11ah
    4. iv)Embedded computing logic
    5. v)IoT Protocols
    How to answer

    • Four topics selected with definition and purpose
    • Key features/components of each
    • Role in IoT ecosystem with example
    • Concise structured presentation for each note