CS-801 Internet of Things - Dec 2024 Question Paper

Under each question, How to answer lists the points an answer should cover, outlined by CampusPrep from the syllabus. Check the details against your textbook.

1. Marks
   aExplain IoT architectural framework and characteristics.
   How to answer

   • IoT architecture typically consists of three to four layers (perception, network, middleware, application)
   • Perception layer: sensors and actuators for data collection
   • Network layer: handles data transmission via WiFi, Bluetooth, cellular, etc.
   • Key characteristics: interoperability, scalability, heterogeneity, autonomous processing
2. Marks
   bDefine M2M. Explain reasons of shifting from M2M to IoT.
   How to answer

   • M2M: direct communication between machines without human intervention using dedicated networks
   • Reasons for shift: need for broader connectivity beyond point-to-point links, integration of cloud services, requirement for massive scale deployments
   • IoT addresses heterogeneity, enables cross-platform integration, supports diverse protocols and sensors
3. Marks
   aHow IoT level 3 and level 4 system differ from each other? Explain.
   How to answer

   • Level 3 (Gateway level): centralized processing and intelligence at gateway/edge devices
   • Level 4 (Cloud level): cloud-based processing and distributed intelligence
   • Level 3 has lower latency but limited scalability; Level 4 offers scalability but higher latency
   • Data handling and storage differences between edge and cloud paradigms
4. Marks
   bWhat issues might affect the development and Implementation of the IoT LAN?
   How to answer

   • Interoperability issues between different devices and protocols
   • Bandwidth and power consumption constraints
   • Security and privacy concerns
   • Scalability and management complexity
   • Cost and resource limitations
5. Marks
   aExplain IoT Service Oriented Architecture and challenges.
   How to answer

   • SOA: architecture where IoT functionality is provided as services via web services/APIs
   • Services are loosely coupled, reusable, and composable
   • Challenges: heterogeneity of devices, QoS management, service discovery in large-scale deployments
   • Security and reliability concerns in service composition
6. Marks
   bDiscuss the role of actuators in IoT. Explain various types of actuators.
   How to answer

   • Actuators: devices that perform actions based on commands from IoT system
   • Role: convert electrical signals into physical action/motion
   • Types: electric motors, pneumatic actuators, hydraulic actuators, solenoids, relays
   • Applications in smart homes, industrial automation, robotics
7. Marks
   aHow RFID and the Internet of Things implemented smart things?
   How to answer

   • RFID: Radio Frequency Identification technology for object identification and tracking
   • Tags attached to objects contain product/identity information
   • Readers communicate with tags wirelessly without line of sight
   • IoT integration: tags connected to network for real-time tracking, inventory management, supply chain
   • Enables creation of smart objects with awareness and connectivity
8. Marks
   bExplain Wireless Sensor Networks and its applications.
   How to answer

   • WSN: network of distributed autonomous sensors monitoring physical/environmental conditions
   • Characteristics: self-organizing, multi-hop communication, power-constrained
   • Applications: environmental monitoring, health monitoring, military surveillance, precision agriculture, smart buildings
   • Data fusion and real-time processing capabilities
9. Marks
   aHow COAP can be used between devices on the same constrained network?
   How to answer

   • CoAP: Constrained Application Protocol designed for resource-constrained IoT devices
   • Lightweight alternative to HTTP/HTTPS with minimal overhead
   • Uses UDP for communication instead of TCP, reducing memory and power consumption
   • Supports request/response model, publish-subscribe messaging
   • Features: multicast support, built-in security mechanisms
10. Marks
    bDiscuss the role of Data Analytics in Internet of Things.
    How to answer

    • Data analytics: process of examining large data volumes from IoT devices to extract insights
    • Enables predictive maintenance, anomaly detection, pattern recognition
    • Real-time and historical data analysis for decision-making
    • Applications: performance optimization, business intelligence, trend forecasting
    • Combines with machine learning for automated insights and actions
11. Marks
    aWhat is SMQTT? How does securely messages transferred by it?
    How to answer

    • MQTT: lightweight publish-subscribe messaging protocol for IoT
    • Provides low bandwidth, low power consumption, reliable message delivery
    • MQTT over TLS/SSL (SMQTT) for secure communication
    • Uses certificate-based authentication and encrypted channels
    • Supports quality of service levels (QoS 0, 1, 2)
12. Marks
    bHow does XMPP improves the IoT services?
    How to answer

    • XMPP: Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol for real-time communication
    • Originally designed for instant messaging, adapted for IoT
    • Provides presence awareness and device status notification
    • Enables asynchronous communication and device-to-device messaging
    • Supports extensibility through plug-ins and custom extensions
13. Marks
    aWhat is AMQP? Explain its message attributes and payload.
    How to answer

    • AMQP: Advanced Message Queuing Protocol for reliable message-oriented middleware
    • Message attributes: message-id, timestamp, content-type, delivery-mode, priority
    • Payload: actual message content/body carrying application data
    • Supports multiple delivery modes: at-most-once, at-least-once, exactly-once
    • Provides reliability, routing, and message persistence
14. Marks
    bDiscuss the security in IoT. Explain various attacks on IoT systems.
    How to answer

    • IoT security challenges: resource constraints, heterogeneity, lack of standardization
    • Common attacks: DDoS (Distributed Denial of Service), Man-in-the-Middle, eavesdropping
    • Malware and botnet attacks using compromised IoT devices
    • Spoofing, side-channel attacks, firmware vulnerabilities
    • Security measures: encryption, authentication, secure protocols, firewalls, intrusion detection
15. Marks
    aHow cloud useful for IoT? Explain cloud communication APIs.
    How to answer

    • Cloud benefits: scalability, data storage and processing, remote management, reduced edge device burden
    • Cloud APIs: RESTful APIs, MQTT, CoAP integration with cloud platforms
    • Cloud services: Amazon IoT, Google Cloud IoT, Microsoft Azure IoT
    • Enable data analytics, machine learning, and visualization at scale
    • Facilitate integration of heterogeneous devices and platforms
16. Marks
    bExplain the following. (any two) i) Smart Home ii) Raspberry Pi iii) IoT platforms
    How to answer

    • Smart Home: integrated IoT system controlling lighting, temperature, security, appliances remotely; examples: thermostats, smart locks, cameras
    • Raspberry Pi: small single-board computer used as IoT gateway/edge device; features GPIO pins, connectivity (WiFi, Bluetooth); popular for prototyping
    • IoT platforms: software frameworks (Arduino, ThingSpeak, IBM Watson, etc.) for IoT application development, device management, data processing