Engineering Chemistry (BT-101) - Important Questions

Calculate hardness (temporary, permanent, total) in terms of $\text{CaCO}_3$ equivalent from given concentrations of Ca and Mg bicarbonates, chlorides and sulphates.

Determine type and extent of alkalinity in terms of $\text{CaCO}_3$ equivalent from acid titration to phenolphthalein and methyl orange end points.

Write brief note on any two of: alkalinity, emulsification number, conducting polymers, atomic and ionic sizes.

Define temporary and permanent hardness of water, differentiate between them with suitable examples.

Write brief note on any two of: alkalinity, scales and sludges, triple point, urea-formaldehyde.

Determine temporary and permanent hardness of a water sample by EDTA titration before and after boiling, standardised against $\text{CaCO}_3$.

What is the principle of EDTA method? Explain the estimation of total hardness of water by complexometric method.

Explain the various units of hardness of water and their interrelationships.

Discuss the method for determination of alkalinity in a given water sample.

How is portable water disinfected by ozonation?

Describe the ion-exchange process for softening of water with neat diagram.

Calculate the lime and soda requirement for softening a given volume of water from its impurity analysis

Explain formation, composition, differences and disadvantages of sludge and scale in boilers

Write short notes on sludge and scale, caustic embrittlement and boiler corrosion

Describe ion-exchange softening with diagram and calculate hardness from zeolite exhaustion and NaCl regeneration data.

Explain the lime-soda process for softening of hard water and its advantages.

What are boiler troubles, their causes and steps to minimize them?

Discuss the zeolite process for softening of water.

Explain the hot lime-soda process and its advantages.

Give a detailed account of caustic embrittlement and boiler corrosion

Describe both the zeolite process and the ion-exchange process with neat diagram.

What is caustic embrittlement and how is it prevented?

An oil sample under test has a Saybolt Universal Viscosity same as that of standard Gulf oil (low viscosity standard) and Pennsylvanian oil (high viscosity standard) at $210^\circ\text{F}$. Their Saybolt Universal Viscosities at $100^\circ\text{F}$ are $61$, $758$, and $420$ seconds, respectively. Calculate viscosity index of the sample.

Explain the following properties of the following (any two) i) Aniline Point ii) Cloud and Pour Point iii) Flash and Fire Point

What are the important properties that an efficient lubricant should possess? $1.5\text{ gm}$ of a lubricant oil dissolved in alcohol require $24\text{ ml}$ of $0.0125\text{ N}$ alcoholic $\text{KOH}$ for neutralization. What is neutralization value of the lubricant? If an oil to be used in machinery should not have neutralization value greater than $8.0$, is it safe to use the test sample as a lubricant in the machinery?

What is a lubricant? Explain viscosity index and flash and fire points with neat diagrams.

Explain the mechanism of thick-film (fluid-film / hydrodynamic) lubrication.

Explain about flash and fire point and their significance.

Describe the mechanism of thin-film (boundary) lubrication as applied to delicate instruments under light load.

Explain about aniline point and saponification Number.

Write a note on lubricants covering classification and mode of action with examples and uses.

Write short notes on polarizability and on thin-film versus fluid-film lubricants.

Explain the preparation, properties and uses of Bakelite (phenol-formaldehyde resin).

Distinguish between thermoplastic and thermosetting resins and give preparation and applications of Urea-Formaldehyde and PVC.

Differentiate chain growth and step growth polymerization and explain free radical and ionic polymerization with examples.

Write a short note on synthetic rubber / elastomers with preparation, properties and uses of Buna rubbers.

What are polymers? Give their classification with examples.

Short notes on functionality, free radical chain polymerization and ionic polymerization.

Write notes on preparation, properties and uses of (i) Phenol-formaldehyde resin and (ii) Buna-S.

Differentiate the following with suitable examples. a) Galvanic series and Electrochemical series. b) Thermosettic polymers and Thermoplastic polymers.

Write brief note on (Any two) i) Degree of freedom ii) Biodegradable polymers iii) Electron affinity iv) Vulcanization of rubber

Difference between free radical polymerization and ionic polymerization.

Explain living polymers and give preparation, properties and uses of PVC.

Write notes on preparation, properties and uses of (i) Bakelite and (ii) Nylon 6,6.

Explain the water system with a neat labelled phase diagram, including areas, curves, and the significance of the triple point (and metastable curve).

What is oxidation (chemical) corrosion, how does it take place, and what is its mechanism?

Define corrosion, list its types and prevention methods, explain the theory/mechanism of corrosion, and calculate the mass of rust ($\text{Fe}_2\text{O}_3\cdot 3\text{H}_2\text{O}$) formed from complete rusting of a given mass of iron.

Explain water-line corrosion and galvanic corrosion.

Describe chemical corrosion and electrochemical corrosion with suitable examples (along with phase diagram of one-component water system).

Write brief notes on eutectic point, flash point and fire point, caustic embrittlement, and polarizability.

What is a phase diagram? Explain a two-component system using the Cu-Ag system as an example.

Write a brief note on the phase diagram of single component systems.

Explain pitting corrosion and stress corrosion.

State and explain Beer-Lambert's law.

Explain what is spectroscopy / electronic spectroscopy and discuss UV spectroscopy principle / electronic transitions, instrumentation and applications

Explain how a combination of UV and IR spectroscopy can be used to determine the structure of an unknown organic compound with an example.

Explain electronic spectroscopy and solve Beer-Lambert numerical on percentage light absorbed

Explain what spectroscopy is and describe the principle, instrumentation and applications of vibrational and rotational spectroscopy.

Define bathochromic shift, hypsochromic shift, hyperchromic shift and chromophore

Explain the trends in electronegativity, ionic size and electron affinity of s- and p-block elements in groups and periods with reasons

Write brief short notes on any two of: electron affinity, effective nuclear charge, Aufbau rule, atomic and ionic size.

Write brief short notes on any two of: electronegativity, polarizability, oxidation states.

Write short note on variation of electronegativity in groups and periods

Explain about polarisability.