ES-401 Energy & Environmental Engineering - Jun 2022 Question Paper

Under each question, How to answer lists the points an answer should cover, outlined by CampusPrep from the syllabus. Check the details against your textbook.

1. 7 Marks
   aWhat are the energy systems and resources?
   How to answer

   • Define energy system and energy resources
   • Classify resources - primary/secondary, renewable/non-renewable
   • Give examples of each type
   • Role in energy supply chain
2. 7 Marks
   bExplain any three energy systems and its basic functions.
   How to answer

   • Select any three energy systems e.g. solar, wind, thermal
   • Explain working principle of each
   • List basic functions - conversion, storage, distribution
   • Give applications
3. 4 Marks
   aWhat are the concepts of energy systems?
   How to answer

   • Define energy system concept
   • Explain supply, demand, conversion, efficiency concepts
   • Explain sustainability and security aspects
4. 5 Marks
   bWhat are the 4 main types of sustainable energy?
   How to answer

   • Define sustainable energy
   • List 4 main types - solar, wind, hydro, biomass/geothermal
   • Brief features of each
   • Importance for sustainability
5. 5 Marks
   cWhat are the three main aspects that make an energy source sustainable?
   How to answer

   • Define sustainable energy source
   • Explain environmental aspect - low emissions
   • Explain economic viability aspect
   • Explain social equity / long-term availability aspect
6. 7 Marks
   aHow all 5 stages of ecological succession work?
   How to answer

   • Define ecological succession
   • List 5 stages - nudation, invasion, competition, reaction, climax
   • Explain process in each stage
   • Give example of succession sequence
7. 7 Marks
   bWhat is ecosystem explain forest and aquatic ecosystem?
   How to answer

   • Define ecosystem and its components
   • Explain forest ecosystem - structure and function
   • Explain aquatic ecosystem - freshwater/marine
   • Compare biotic-abiotic interactions
8. 7 Marks
   aHow many biogeographical classifications are there in India?
   How to answer

   • Define biogeographical classification
   • State number of classifications in India - 10 zones
   • List basis of classification
   • Mention Rodgers and Panwar classification
9. 7 Marks
   bWhat are the major biogeographical region in India?
   How to answer

   • Define biogeographical region
   • List major regions - Himalaya, Desert, Western Ghats etc.
   • Brief characteristics of each
   • Significance for biodiversity
10. 7 Marks
    aWhy is India regarded as a mega diversity nation enumerate the biogeographical classification of India?
    How to answer

    • Define mega diversity nation criteria
    • Explain India's species richness and endemism
    • Enumerate 10 biogeographic zones of India
    • Explain geographical and climatic diversity reasons
11. 7 Marks
    bHow many biogeographical regions are there in the world?
    How to answer

    • Define global biogeographical regions/realms
    • State number of realms - 8
    • List names - Palearctic, Nearctic etc.
    • Brief distribution
12. 7 Marks
    aWhat are the methods to control thermal pollution, explain?
    How to answer

    • Define thermal pollution and sources
    • Explain cooling ponds, towers, artificial lakes methods
    • Explain cogeneration and design measures
    • Advantages and limitations
13. 7 Marks
    bWhat are the different types of disaster management, explain?
    How to answer

    • Define disaster management
    • Explain types - prevention, preparedness, response, recovery
    • Give examples for natural/man-made disasters
    • Explain institutional framework
14. 7 Marks
    aWhat are the effects of ozone layer on human and on environment?
    How to answer

    • Explain ozone layer function
    • List human health effects - skin cancer, eye damage
    • List environmental effects - crops, marine life
    • Mention UV radiation mechanism
15. 7 Marks
    bDescribe global warming and its effects Causes and Solutions?
    How to answer

    • Define global warming and greenhouse effect
    • Explain causes - GHG emissions, deforestation
    • Explain effects - sea level, climate change
    • Suggest solutions - mitigation and adaptation
16. 7 Marks
    aDescribe the top 10 ways to prevent global warming?
    How to answer

    • Define prevention of global warming
    • List 10 ways - renewable energy, afforestation, energy efficiency etc.
    • Brief explanation of each measure
    • Role of individual and policy
17. 7 Marks
    bWhat are the issues involved in enforcement of environmental legislation public awareness?
    How to answer

    • Define environmental legislation and public awareness
    • List enforcement issues - lack of awareness, monitoring, funding
    • Explain institutional and legal challenges
    • Suggest measures to improve compliance