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4th Semester
CE-404
Unit 5 Notes

CE-404 TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING –I Unit 5 Notes

Notes and important questions for unit 5: Tunnels.

Unit 5 · Short notes Tunnels Route selection, engineering surveys, alignment, tunnel cross‑section, bridge action and pressure‑relief phenomena. · Tunnel approaches, shafts and pilot shafts. · Construction methods in soft soil, hard soil and rock. · Lining types and installation methods. · Mucking, drainage and ventilation practices. · Notable examples of important tunnels in India and abroad.

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