CE-404 Transportation Engineering-I - Nov 2023 Question Paper

Under each question, How to answer lists the points an answer should cover, outlined by CampusPrep from the syllabus. Check the details against your textbook.

1. 7 Marks
   aWrite short notes on:

   1. i)Types of rails
   2. ii)Wear and tear of rails
   3. iii)Rail creep
   How to answer

   • Define each term briefly with purpose in railway track
   • Types of rails: double-headed, bull-headed, flat-footed with diagram
   • Wear and tear: causes, types and remedial measures
   • Rail creep: definition, causes, effects and prevention
2. 7 Marks
   bWhat do you mean by coning of wheels? Also discuss its advantages.
   How to answer

   • Define coning of wheels with slope 1 in 20
   • Purpose: lateral movement, reduce wear, smooth running
   • Sketch of coned wheels on rails
   • Advantages list
3. 7 Marks
   aWhat do you mean by super elevation why it is provided? Also discuss about cant deficiency and marshaling yard.
   How to answer

   • Define super elevation / cant and need to counteract centrifugal force
   • Purpose and formula for equilibrium super elevation
   • Define cant deficiency and its limits
   • Define marshaling yard and its functions
4. 7 Marks
   bWith the help of neat sketch, explain advantages of negative super elevation.
   How to answer

   • Define negative super elevation with sketch of outer rail lower than inner
   • Condition when it occurs on curves with turnouts
   • Explain force imbalance
   • Advantages of providing negative super elevation
5. 7 Marks
   aWhat are the different surveys done before the construction of bridge? List out various types of bridge foundations.
   How to answer

   • List surveys: traffic, topographic, hydraulic, geological, alignment
   • Purpose of each survey before bridge construction
   • List bridge foundations: open, pile, well, caisson
   • Brief features of each foundation type
6. 7 Marks
   bWhat do you understand by Economical span, clearance and Afflux or Back water? Discuss their effects.
   How to answer

   • Define economical span, clearance and afflux/back water
   • Formulas / factors governing economical span
   • Types of clearance: vertical, horizontal, navigational
   • Effects of afflux on waterway, scour and freeboard
7. 7 Marks
   aDiscuss the different types of loads and forces considered in a proper bridge design.
   How to answer

   • List dead, live, impact, wind, water, seismic, earth pressure loads
   • IRC loading classes and forces on superstructure
   • Longitudinal and lateral forces
   • Importance in proper bridge design
8. 7 Marks
   bWhat are well foundations? What do you mean by well sinking and also discuss the various precautions to be taken while sinking of well?
   How to answer

   • Define well foundation and its components
   • Define well sinking process and stages
   • Precautions: tilting, shifting, sand blowing, dredging control
   • Safety and alignment checks during sinking
9. 7 Marks
   aExplain the various components of bridge super structure and sub structure. How the choice of bridge super structure is done?
   How to answer

   • Define superstructure vs substructure
   • Components: deck, girders, bearings vs piers, abutments, foundations
   • Functions of each component
   • Factors for choice of superstructure type
10. 7 Marks
    bClassify Railway signals in details.
    How to answer

    • Define purpose of railway signals
    • Classification by function, location, operation
    • Details of semaphore, colour light, etc.
    • Examples of each category
11. 7 Marks
    aDiscuss the different geometrical shapes and sizes of tunnels with neat sketches. Describe pressure relief phenomenon.
    How to answer

    • List tunnel shapes: circular, horseshoe, elliptical, rectangular with sketches
    • Suitability and sizes for traffic and geology
    • Define pressure relief phenomenon in tunnels
    • Causes and remedial measures
12. 7 Marks
    bHow tunneling in hard rock is carried out using Drift method with neat figure. What do you mean by tunnel approaches?
    How to answer

    • Explain Drift method sequence with central drift enlargement
    • Neat figure showing drift, drilling and mucking stages
    • Applicability in hard rock
    • Define tunnel approaches and their purpose
13. 7 Marks
    aWrite safety precautions in tunnel construction.
    How to answer

    • List safety: ventilation, lighting, dust control, support
    • Precautions against collapse, explosives, water ingress
    • Use of protective equipment and monitoring
    • Emergency measures
14. 7 Marks
    bExplain various methods of tunnel ventilation.
    How to answer

    • Need for ventilation during and after construction
    • Methods: natural, mechanical, blow, exhaust, combined
    • Sketches of airflow systems
    • Selection criteria
15. 14 Marks
    Explain the following terms:

    1. a)Functions of ballast
    2. b)Working principle of turnout
    3. c)Types of gradient
    4. d)Bridge action in tunnels
    How to answer

    • Functions of ballast: load distribution, drainage, stability
    • Working principle of turnout with switches and crossings
    • Types of gradient: ruling, momentum, pusher, station yard
    • Bridge action in tunnels: definition and effects