Swachh Bharat Summer Internship / Unnat Bharat Abhiyan (100 Hrs) / Rural Outreach (BT-108) - Important Questions

Define monitoring, evaluation and impact assessment in the context of rural sanitation and outreach programmes. Distinguish between monitoring and evaluation with two examples each from Swachh Bharat or Unnat Bharat Abhiyan interventions.

Prepare a logical framework (logframe) for a village-level solid waste management project under Swachh Bharat/Unnat Bharat Abhiyan. Include at least one objectively verifiable indicator, means of verification, assumptions and targets for each level (goal, outcome, output, activities).

Explain the difference between input, output, outcome and impact indicators. Give two specific examples of each type of indicator for a household sanitation behaviour change campaign.

Calculate the required household sample size to estimate the proportion of households with latrines in a village of size $N=2000$ households. Assume expected proportion $p=0.60$, confidence level 95% (use $Z=1.96$), and margin of error $d=0.05$. Use the standard formula

$$n = \frac{Z^{2} p q}{d^{2}}\quad\text{where } q = \left(1 - p\right).$$

Then apply the finite population correction using

$$n_{\text{adj}} = \frac{n}{\left(1 + \frac{n}{N}\right)}$$

Show all calculations and give the final adjusted sample size.

Design a monitoring framework for a village-level sanitation behaviour change campaign. Your answer should specify: key indicators (with definitions), data collection tools (surveys, observation checklists, mobile data forms), frequency of data collection, roles and responsibilities, data flow and reporting templates, and use of monitoring data for programme corrective action.

In a village of 500 households the baseline survey recorded 320 households using hygienic latrines and the endline survey recorded 470 households using hygienic latrines. Calculate:

1. The absolute change in number of households using hygienic latrines.

2. The percentage point change and the relative percentage change.

3. If a two-sample proportion z-test gave a test statistic $z = 4.5$, state whether the change is statistically significant at the 5% level and briefly interpret the result in programme terms.

Explain participatory monitoring and the community scorecard approach. Describe how a community scorecard can be applied to monitor sanitation service delivery under Unnat Bharat Abhiyan.

Prepare a detailed template (section headings and brief content points) for the 100-hour summer internship final report on rural sanitation outreach. Specify required annexes, data presentation formats (tables, charts), and minimum documentation standards for evidence (photographs, GPS coordinates, consent forms).

Describe the main methods for impact assessment: experimental (randomized controlled trials), quasi-experimental (matched comparison, difference-in-differences), and non-experimental designs. For each method give one example of how it could be applied to evaluate a sanitation or behaviour-change intervention in a rural setting, and list one advantage and one limitation.

Identify the key stakeholders for sustaining sanitation outcomes in a village after an outreach intervention (include Panchayat, local NGOs, SHGs, schools, health workers). Prepare a concise stakeholder engagement and communication plan that outlines roles, incentives, communication channels and indicators to measure sustained behaviour change.