BT-205 Basic Computer Engineering - Dec 2025 Question Paper

Under each question, How to answer lists the points an answer should cover, outlined by CampusPrep from the syllabus. Check the details against your textbook.

1. 7 Marks
   aDefine computer and explain its classification.
   How to answer

   • Definition of computer as electronic data processing device
   • Classification basis: purpose, size, generation
   • Types: analog, digital, hybrid; micro, mini, mainframe, supercomputer
   • Brief features/examples of each type
2. 7 Marks
   bDescribe CPU organization including registers, bus architecture and instruction set.
   How to answer

   • Block diagram of CPU organization
   • Role of registers: PC, IR, MAR, MDR, accumulator
   • Bus architecture: data, address, control bus
   • Instruction set concept and types
3. 7 Marks
   aExplain memory and storage systems along with I/O devices.
   How to answer

   • Memory hierarchy: primary vs secondary
   • Storage systems: HDD, SSD, optical
   • Input devices examples and functions
   • Output devices examples and functions
4. 7 Marks
   bDiscuss system software and application software with examples.
   How to answer

   • Definition of system software with types
   • Definition of application software with types
   • Examples: OS, compiler vs MS Office, browser
   • Differences in purpose and user interaction
5. 7 Marks
   aExplain operating systems and its main functions.
   How to answer

   • Definition of operating system
   • Need for OS as resource manager
   • Main functions: process, memory, file, device management
   • Examples of OS
6. 7 Marks
   bDiscuss file, process and memory management in operating systems.
   How to answer

   • File management: operations and access methods
   • Process management: scheduling and states
   • Memory management: paging, segmentation
   • Role of OS in coordination
7. 7 Marks
   aExplain algorithms, flowcharts and program design.
   How to answer

   • Definition of algorithm with characteristics
   • Flowchart symbols and example
   • Program design steps
   • Relation between algorithm, flowchart and program
8. 7 Marks
   bDiscuss programming paradigms and characteristics of OOP.
   How to answer

   • Types of programming paradigms
   • Procedural vs object-oriented vs functional
   • Characteristics of OOP: encapsulation, inheritance, polymorphism
   • Abstraction and reusability benefits
9. 7 Marks
   aCompare procedure oriented programming with object oriented programming.
   How to answer

   • Concept of POP vs OOP
   • Comparison on data vs function focus, security
   • Inheritance, reusability differences
   • Examples in C vs C++
10. 7 Marks
    bExplain basic structure of C++ program and its tokens.
    How to answer

    • Basic structure: headers, main, functions
    • Sections of C++ program with example
    • Tokens: keywords, identifiers, constants, operators
    • Example illustrating tokens
11. 7 Marks
    aExplain arrays and functions in C++.
    How to answer

    • Arrays: declaration, types, initialization
    • Functions: declaration, definition, call
    • Parameter passing and return types
    • Examples in C++
12. 7 Marks
    bDiscuss constructors, destructors and scope resolution operator.
    How to answer

    • Constructor: types and role
    • Destructor: syntax and role
    • Scope resolution operator use
    • Examples of each
13. 7 Marks
    aExplain ISO-OSI model and functions of its layers.
    How to answer

    • 7-layer ISO-OSI reference model
    • Function of each layer from physical to application
    • Data flow through layers
    • Diagram of OSI model
14. 7 Marks
    bDiscuss TCP/IP model, internetworking devices and Internet applications.
    How to answer

    • TCP/IP 4-layer model and protocols
    • Internetworking devices: hub, switch, router, gateway
    • Internet applications: email, WWW, FTP
    • Comparison with OSI briefly
15. 7 Marks
    aExplain DBMS and its advantages over file system.
    How to answer

    • DBMS definition and components
    • Limitations of file system
    • Advantages: redundancy control, integrity, security
    • Examples of DBMS
16. 7 Marks
    bDiscuss cloud computing models, types and advantages.
    How to answer

    • Cloud computing definition
    • Service models: IaaS, PaaS, SaaS
    • Deployment types: public, private, hybrid
    • Advantages: scalability, cost, accessibility