AL-803-A Introduction to IoT - Jun 2025 Question Paper

Under each question, How to answer lists the points an answer should cover, outlined by CampusPrep from the syllabus. Check the details against your textbook.

1. 7 Marks
   aDefine IoT. Explain characteristics and components of IoT.
   How to answer

   • Definition of IoT as network of interconnected physical objects with sensors, software and connectivity
   • Key characteristics: connectivity, sensing, intelligence, dynamic, heterogeneity, scalability, security
   • Main components: sensors/devices, connectivity/network, data processing, user interface/application, cloud
2. 7 Marks
   bDefine the Internet of Things (IoT) ecosystem and its significance in the modern world.
   How to answer

   • Definition of IoT ecosystem: devices, networks, platforms, applications, stakeholders
   • Layers/actors in ecosystem
   • Significance: automation, efficiency, smart cities, healthcare, industry, economic growth
   • Example of modern-world impact
3. 7 Marks
   aDefine M2M. Explain reasons of shifting from M2M to IoT.
   How to answer

   • Definition of M2M: direct machine-to-machine communication
   • Characteristics of M2M: point-to-point, cellular/wired, siloed
   • Reasons for shift: need for IP-based, cloud, scalability, interoperability, data analytics
   • Comparison of M2M vs IoT
4. 7 Marks
   bDescribe the characteristics of smart sensors and their advantages over traditional sensors.
   How to answer

   • Definition of smart sensor with embedded processing
   • Characteristics: self-calibration, communication, low power, compact
   • Advantages: accuracy, diagnostics, reduced load, interoperability
   • Comparison with traditional sensors
5. 7 Marks
   aDiscuss the key components of an IoT ecosystem and their roles in enabling IoT applications.
   How to answer

   • List ecosystem components: devices/sensors, connectivity, data management, analytics, applications, security
   • Role of each layer in enabling applications
   • Interaction flow from sensing to actuation
   • Example application
6. 7 Marks
   bDescribe the basic working principle of sensors. How do sensors convert physical phenomena into measurable signals?
   How to answer

   • Basic principle: sense physical quantity, transduce to electrical signal, condition and output
   • Transduction mechanisms with examples
   • Signal conditioning: amplification, filtering, ADC
   • Diagram of sensor working
7. 7 Marks
   aDiscuss the characteristics of Zigbee networks, including low power consumption, low data rates, and short-range communication.
   How to answer

   • Zigbee overview: IEEE 802.15.4 based
   • Low power: sleep modes, battery life
   • Low data rate ~250 kbps, short range 10-100m, mesh topology
   • Use cases in IoT
8. 7 Marks
   bDiscuss the key features of MQTT that make it well-suited for IoT communication.
   How to answer

   • MQTT as lightweight publish/subscribe protocol
   • Features: broker model, topics, QoS levels, small header, keep-alive
   • Suitability: constrained devices, unreliable networks, low bandwidth
   • Comparison with HTTP
9. 14 Marks
   Explain the implementation of IoT Technology in following areas:

   1. i)Smart Parking
   2. ii)Smart Lightening
   3. iii)Emergency response
   4. iv)Smart roads in smart cities
   How to answer

   • Architecture for each area: sensors, connectivity, platform
   • Smart parking: occupancy detection, guidance, payment
   • Smart lightening/lighting and emergency response working
   • Smart roads: traffic, safety, infrastructure monitoring
10. 14 Marks
    Explain the following terms:

    1. i)NFC
    2. ii)Vector Sensor
    3. iii)IoT WAN
    How to answer

    • NFC: principle, range, modes, IoT uses
    • Vector sensor: multi-axis measurement concept
    • IoT WAN: long-range low-power connectivity, examples LoRaWAN, NB-IoT
    • Diagram/use-case for each
11. 7 Marks
    aExplain the GPIO pins of Raspberry Pi device with neat diagram.
    How to answer

    • Raspberry Pi 40-pin header overview
    • Power pins 3.3V/5V, ground, GPIO, I2C, SPI, UART
    • Neat labelled diagram of pin layout
    • Example interfacing use
12. 7 Marks
    bExplain a smart city initiative that integrates multiple IoT applications to improve quality of life, sustainability and citizen services.
    How to answer

    • Select smart city initiative example
    • Integrated IoT domains: transport, energy, waste, safety, health
    • Benefits for quality of life, sustainability, citizen services
    • Architecture and data platform
13. 14 Marks
    Write a short notes (Any three):

    1. i)AMQP Features and Components
    2. ii)RFID Features
    3. iii)IoT Applications
    4. iv)IoT Challenges
    How to answer

    • Choose any three topics with definition and key points
    • AMQP: features, exchanges, queues; RFID: tags, reader, features
    • IoT applications: domains and examples
    • IoT challenges: security, scalability, interoperability